Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration – the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule.
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33 Facts About Nitric acid
1.
2.
The azeotrope of nitric acid and water is a colourless liquid at room temperature.
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3.
Nitric acid is subject to thermal or light decomposition and for this reason it was often stored in brown glass bottles:.
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4.
Anhydrous nitric acid is a colorless mobile liquid with a density of 1.
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5.
Nitric acid is normally considered to be a strong acid at ambient temperatures.
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6.
Nitric acid can act as a base with respect to an acid such as sulfuric acid:.
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7.
Since nitric acid has both acidic and basic properties, it can undergo an autoprotolysis reaction, similar to the self-ionization of water:.
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8.
Nitric acid reacts with most metals, but the details depend on the concentration of the acid and the nature of the metal.
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9.
Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid in its reaction with most metals.
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10.
Nitric acid is used as a cheap means in jewelry shops to quickly spot low-gold alloys and to rapidly assess the gold purity.
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11.
However, the powerful oxidizing properties of nitric acid are thermodynamic in nature, but sometimes its oxidation reactions are rather kinetically non-favored.
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12.
Nitration of organic compounds with nitric acid is the primary method of synthesis of many common explosives, such as nitroglycerin and trinitrotoluene.
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13.
Nitric acid reacts with proteins to form yellow nitrated products.
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14.
Nitric acid is made by reaction of nitrogen dioxide with water.
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15.
Production of nitric acid is via the Ostwald process, named after German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald.
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16.
Nitric acid oxide is then reacted with oxygen in air to form nitrogen dioxide.
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17.
Nitric acid is neutralized with ammonia to give ammonium nitrate.
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18.
Nitric acid has been used in various forms as the oxidizer in liquid-fueled rockets.
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19.
Nitric acid can be used to convert metals to oxidized forms, such as converting copper metal to cupric nitrate.
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20.
Ultrapure trace metal grade Nitric acid is required for such determination, because small amounts of metal ions could affect the result of the analysis.
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21.
In electrochemistry, nitric acid is used as a chemical doping agent for organic semiconductors, and in purification processes for raw carbon nanotubes.
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22.
Corrosive effects of nitric acid are exploited for some specialty applications, such as etching in printmaking, pickling stainless steel or cleaning silicon wafers in electronics.
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23.
Nitric acid is used either in combination with hydrochloric acid or alone to clean glass cover slips and glass slides for high-end microscopy applications.
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24.
The phosphoric acid content helps to passivate ferrous alloys against corrosion by the dilute nitric acid.
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25.
Nitric acid can be used as a spot test for alkaloids like LSD, giving a variety of colours depending on the alkaloid.
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26.
Nitric acid plays a key role in PUREX and other nuclear fuel reprocessing methods, where it can dissolve many different actinides.
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27.
Nitric acid is a corrosive acid and a powerful oxidizing agent.
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28.
Nitric acid is one of the most common types of acid used in acid attacks.
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29.
Nitric acid is first attested in pseudo-Geber's De inventione veritatis.
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30.
In 1806, Humphry Davy reported the results of extensive distilled water electrolysis experiments concluding that nitric acid was produced at the anode from dissolved atmospheric nitrogen gas.
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31.
Nitric acid used a high voltage battery and non-reactive electrodes and vessels such as gold electrode cones that doubled as vessels bridged by damp asbestos.
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32.
Nitric acid's method produced nitric acid from electrolysis of calcium nitrate converted by bacteria from nitrogenous matter in peat bogs.
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33.
Nitric acid was pumped out from an earthenware pipe that was sunk down to the bottom of the pot.
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