The population of North Maluku was 1,038,087 in the 2010 census, making it one of the least-populous provinces in Indonesia, but by the 2020 Census the population had risen to 1,282,937, and the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 1,299,177.
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North Maluku was originally the centre of the four largest Islamic sultanates in the eastern Indonesian archipelago—Bacan, Jailolo, Tidore and Ternate—known as the Moloku Kie Raha.
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Province of North Maluku was officially established on 12 October 1999, by separation from Maluku.
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The regional economy in North Maluku largely relies on the agricultural sector, fisheries and other types of marine products.
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The main commodities that support the economic pulse in North Maluku include copra, nutmeg, cloves, fisheries, gold and nickel.
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Etymology of the word North Maluku is not very clear, and it has been a matter of debate for many experts.
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The etymology of the word North Maluku is not very clear, and it has been a matter of debate for many experts.
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The first recorded word that can be identified with North Maluku comes from Nagarakretagama, an Old Javanese eulogy of 1365.
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Therefore, the North Maluku can come from: “Moloku” here means to grasp or hold.
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North Maluku tried to weaken the Portuguese positions in Maluku, sending expeditions to attack the partly Christianized Ambon Island.
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The Spanish, who had united with Portugal in 1580, tried to regain control of North Maluku by attacking Ternate via the Iberian base in Tidore.
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North Maluku ignored the Dutch trade monopoly agreement by selling spices to Javanese and Makassar traders.
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In 1957, the Permesta movement was declared in Manado, North Maluku Sulawesi, aiming to overthrow the Indonesian government, The movement received support from the United States and Taiwan.
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Islands of North Maluku are mostly of volcanic origin, with the volcanoes of Dukono on Halmahera, Gamalama on Ternate still active and the whole of Tidore consisting of a large stratovolcano.
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North Maluku Islands are formed by the movement of three tectonic plates, namely Eurasia, the Pacific and Indo-Australia which have occurred since the time of lime.
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Rainforests of Halmahera, Morotai, the Obi Islands, the Bacan islands and other islands of North Maluku have been described by the World Wildlife Fund as the Halmahera rain forests ecoregion and are home to a number of plant and animal species unique to the islands, which are in the Wallacea transition zone, containing a mixture of species of Asian and Australasian origin.
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The existing North Maluku Regency was in 2003 split into five entities - the new regencies of North Halmahera, South Halmahera, Sula Islands and East Halmahera and the new city of Tidore Islands.
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Maritime tourism in North Maluku is based on the area's islands and beaches with marine parks and various types of ornamental fish.
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Cultural Heritage Areas that have archaeological historical values scattered in the North Maluku Province include cultural reserves in Ternate City, Tidore City, West Halmahera.
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