An influential collection of texts on logic and reason is the Nyaya Sutras, attributed to Aksapada Gautama, variously estimated to have been composed between 6th-century BCE and 2nd-century CE.
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An influential collection of texts on logic and reason is the Nyaya Sutras, attributed to Aksapada Gautama, variously estimated to have been composed between 6th-century BCE and 2nd-century CE.
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Nyaya school shares some of its methodology and human suffering foundations with Buddhism; however, a key difference between the two is that Buddhism believes that there is neither a soul nor self; Nyaya school like other schools of Hinduism believes that there is a soul and self, with liberation as a state of removal of ignorance, wrong knowledge, the gain of correct knowledge and unimpeded continuation of self.
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Nyaya is a Sanskrit word which means justice, equality for all being, specially a collection of general or universal rules.
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Nyaya could mean, "that which shows the way" tracing its Sanskrit etymology.
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Nyaya is related to several other concepts and words used in Indian philosophies: Hetu-vidya, Anviksiki, Pramana-sastra, Tattva-sastra, Tarka-vidya, Vadartha and Phakkika-sastra.
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Historical development of Nyaya school is unclear, although Nasadiya hymns of Book 10 Chapter 129 of Rigveda recite its spiritual questions in logical propositions.
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In early centuries BCE, states Clooney, the early Nyaya scholars began compiling the science of rational, coherent inquiry and pursuit of knowledge.
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Nyaya metaphysics recognizes sixteen padarthas or categories Type theory and includes all six categories of the Vaisheshika in the second one of them, called prameya.
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Nyaya treated it as theory of knowledge, and its scholars developed it as Pramana-sastras.
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Ordinary perception to Nyaya scholars was based on direct experience of reality by eyes, ears, nose, touch and taste.
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MetaphysicsNyaya-Vaisheshika offers one of the most vigorous efforts at the construction of a substantialist, realist ontology that the world has ever seen.
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Literal interpretation of the three verses suggests that Nyaya school rejected the need for a God for the efficacy of human activity.
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