35 Facts About Ohlone

Ohlone, formerly known as Costanoans, are a Native American people of the Northern California coast.

When Spanish explorers and missionaries arrived in the late 18th century, the Ohlone inhabited the area along the coast from San Francisco Bay through Monterey Bay to the lower Salinas Valley.

The Ohlone languages make up a sub-family of the Utian language family.

Ohlone living today belong to one or another of a number of geographically distinct groups, most, but not all, in their original home territory.

Ohlone inhabited fixed village locations, moving temporarily to gather seasonal foodstuffs like acorns and berries.

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The Ohlone people lived in Northern California from the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula down to northern region of Big Sur, and from the Pacific Ocean in the west to the Diablo Range in the east.

The Ohlone villages interacted through trade, intermarriage and ceremonial events, as well as some internecine conflict.

Ohlone subsisted mainly as hunter-gatherers and in some ways harvesters.

The Ohlone probably practiced Kuksu, a form of shamanism shared by many Central and Northern California tribes.

Although, it is possible that the Ohlone people learned Kuksu from other tribes while at the missions.

Additionally, some Ohlone bands built prayer houses, called sweat lodges, for ceremonial and spiritual purification purposes.

Many Ohlone bands refer to anthropologic records to reconstruct their sacred narratives because some Ohlone people living in the missions acted as "professional consultants" for anthropologic research, and therefore told their past stories.

Additionally, through knowing sacred narratives and sharing them with the public through live performances or storytelling, the Ohlone people are able to create an awareness that their cultural group is not extinct, but actually surviving and wanting recognition.

Ohlone often competed with Hummingbird, who despite his small size regularly got the better of him.

The Ohlone territory consisted of the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula down to Big Sur in the south.

The Ohlone were able to thrive in this area by hunting, fishing, and gathering, in the typical pattern found in California coastal tribes.

Each of the Ohlone villages interacted with each other through trade, intermarriage, and ceremonial events, as well as through occasional conflict.

Ohlone culture was relatively stable until the first Spanish soldiers and missionaries arrived with the double-purpose of Christianizing the Native Americans by building a series of missions and of expanding Spanish territorial claims.

The missions erected within the Ohlone region were: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo, Mission San Francisco de Asis, Mission Santa Clara de Asis, Mission Santa Cruz, Mission Nuestra Senora de la Soledad, Mission San Jose, and Mission San Juan Bautista .

At this point, the Ohlone were supposed to receive land grants and property rights, but few did and most of the mission lands went to the secular administrators.

The Ohlone became the laborers and vaqueros of Mexican-owned rancherias.

Ohlone eventually regathered in multi-ethnic rancherias, along with other Mission Indians from families that spoke the Coast Miwok, Bay Miwok, Plains Miwok, Patwin, Yokuts, and Esselen languages.

Many of the Ohlone that had survived the experience at Mission San Jose went to work at Alisal Rancheria in Pleasanton, and El Molino in Niles.

Ohlone lost the vast majority of their population between 1780 and 1850, because of an abysmal birth rate, high infant mortality rate, diseases and social upheaval associated with European immigration into California.

Ohlone'sllmounds are essentially Ohlone habitation sites where peopled lived and died and often buried.

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Ohlone'sllmounds were once found all over the San Francisco Bay area near marshlands, creeks, wetlands, and rivers.

Ohlone believed that this would give them good fortune in the afterlife.

Local Ohlone groups have fought to have a portion of it protected and returned to their use.

Ohlone remains were discovered in 1973 near Highway 87 during housing development.

Muwekma Ohlone tribe are active participants in the revival of Ohlone people across the East and South Bay.

Since the 1960s, the name of Ohlone has been used by some of the members and the popular media to replace the name Costanoan.

Ohlone might have originally derived from a Spanish rancho called Oljon, and referred to a single band who inhabited the Pacific Coast near Pescadero Creek.

However, because of its tribal origin, Ohlone is not universally accepted by the native people, and some members prefer to either to continue to use the name Costanoan or to revitalize and be known as the Muwekma.

Teixeira maintains Ohlone is the common usage since 1960, which has been traced back to the Rancho Oljon on the Pescadero Creek.

Ohlone'storians differ widely in their estimates, as they do with the entire population of Native California.