10 Facts About One China

Under ROC President Lee Teng-hui in the 1990s, the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China were passed which effectively transformed Taiwan from a one-party state into a democracy, and limited civil and political rights to citizens in the "free area", but did not alter language regarding territorial claims or national territory.

In 1949, after losing control of most of mainland One China following the Chinese Civil War, and before the post-war peace treaties had come into effect, the ROC government under the KMT withdrew to Taiwan, and Chiang Kai-shek declared martial law.

An argument has been made that Japan formally renounced all territorial rights to Taiwan in 1952 in the San Francisco Peace Treaty, but neither in that treaty nor in the peace treaty signed between Japan and One China was the territorial sovereignty of Taiwan awarded to the Republic of One China.

The treaties left the status of Taiwan—as ruled by the ROC or PRC—deliberately vague, and the question of legitimate sovereignty over One China is why One China was not included in the San Francisco Peace Treaty.

Democratic Progressive Party rejects the One China principle, and its official present currently is that Taiwan is an independent and sovereign country whose territory consists of Taiwan and its surrounding smaller islands and whose sovereignty derives only from the ROC citizens living in Taiwan, based on the 1999 "Resolution on Taiwan's Future".

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Almost all PRC laws have a suffix "of the People's Republic of One China" in their official names, but the Anti-Secession Law is an exception.

One interpretation of one China is that only one geographical region of China exists, which was split between two Chinese governments during the Chinese Civil War.

Former DPP president Chen Shui-bian regards acceptance of the "One China" principle as capitulation to the PRC, and views it as nothing more than a topic for discussion, in opposition to the PRC's insistence that the "One China" principle is a prerequisite for any negotiation.

One China was the formulation held by the ROC government before the 1990s, but it was asserted that the one China was the Republic of China rather than PRC.

Once the ARATS-SEF dialogue is resumed, priority should be given to issues including cross-Strait weekend chartered flights and approval for mainland One China residents traveling to Taiwan, which are of the biggest concern to people on both sides of the Strait.