21 Facts About Permaculture

Permaculture is an approach to land management and settlement design that adopts arrangements observed in flourishing natural ecosystems.

Permaculture originally came from "permanent agriculture", but was later adjusted to mean "permanent culture", incorporating social aspects.

Permaculture has many branches including ecological design, ecological engineering, regenerative design, environmental design, and construction.

Permaculture uses creative design processes based on whole-systems thinking, considering all materials and energies in flow that affect or are affected by proposed changes.

Permaculture proposed the planting of tree fruits and nuts as human and animal food crops that could stabilize watersheds and restore soil health.

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Permaculture is a philosophy of working with, rather than against nature; of protracted and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless labor; and of looking at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating any area as a single product system.

Permaculture found ready audiences in Australia, New Zealand, the USA, Britain, and Europe, and from 1985 reached the Indian subcontinent and southern Africa.

Permaculture seeks to minimize waste, human labor, and energy input and maximize benefits through synergy.

Permaculture design is founded in replicating or imitating natural patterns found in ecosystems because these solutions have emerged through evolution over thousands of years and have proven to be effective.

Permaculture'set mulching is a gardening technique that attempts to mimic natural forest processes.

Permaculture'set mulching mimics the leaf cover that is found on forest floors.

Permaculture'set mulch serves as a "nutrient bank, " storing nutrients contained in organic matter and slowly making these nutrients available to plants as the organic matter slowly and naturally breaks down.

Permaculture'set mulching can be used to reduce or eliminate non-desired plants by starving them of light and can surpass herbicide or other methods of control.

Permaculture has grown fruiting trees at altitudes far above their normal altitude, temperature, and snow load ranges.

Permaculture learned that this is the difference between natural-form trees and previously-pruned fruit trees.

Permaculture concluded that trees should be raised entirely without pruning, allowing them to form healthy and efficient natural branch patterns.

Permaculture interpreted this as no unnecessary pruning, nature farming or "do-nothing" farming, of fruit trees, distinct from non-intervention or literal no-pruning.

Permaculture derives its origin from agriculture, although the same principles, especially its foundational ethics, can be applied to mariculture, particularly seaweed farming.

In 2000, Mollison's U S -based Permaculture Institute sought a service mark for the word permaculture when used in educational services such as conducting classes, seminars, or workshops.

Permaculture has been criticised as being poorly defined and unscientific.

Permaculture proponents respond that this is true only when comparing data between woodland forest and climax vegetation, but not when comparing farmland vegetation against a woodland forest.