15 Facts About Polar vortex

Tropospheric polar vortex is often defined as the area poleward of the tropospheric jet stream.

The tropospheric Polar vortex increased in public visibility in 2021 as a result of extreme frigid temperatures in the central United States, with experts linking its effects to climate change.

Antarctic Polar vortex of the Southern Hemisphere is a single low-pressure zone that is found near the edge of the Ross ice shelf, near 160 west longitude.

Polar vortex cyclones are low-pressure zones embedded within the polar air masses, and exist year-round.

The stratospheric polar vortex develops at latitudes above the subtropical jet stream.

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Polar vortex vortices are weakest during summer and strongest during winter.

Extratropical cyclones that migrate into higher latitudes when the polar vortex is weak can disrupt the single vortex creating smaller vortices within the polar air mass.

The Antarctic polar vortex is more pronounced and persistent than the Arctic one.

The weakening or strengthening of the polar vortex can alter the sea circulation more than a mile beneath the waves.

Intensification of the polar vortex produces changes in relative humidity as downward intrusions of dry, stratospheric air enter the vortex core.

When this occurs, the Polar vortex rings become more unstable and prone to shifting by planetary waves.

The number of waves around the perimeter of the Polar vortex are related to the core size; as the Polar vortex core decreases, the number of waves increase.

Occasionally, the high-pressure air mass, called the Greenland Block, can cause the polar vortex to divert to the south, rather than follow its normal path over the North Atlantic.

Chemistry of the Antarctic polar vortex has created severe ozone depletion, although the effect has been weakening since the 2000s.

That said, chemical ozone destruction in the 2011 Arctic polar vortex attained, for the first time, a level clearly identifiable as an Arctic "ozone hole".