30 Facts About PTSD

C-PTSD is similar to PTSD but has a distinct effect on a person's emotional regulation and core identity.

Antidepressants of the SSRI or SNRI type are the first-line medications used for PTSD and are moderately beneficial for about half of people.

PTSD has been associated with a wide range of traumatic events.

Females were more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD following a road traffic accident, whether the accident occurred during childhood or adulthood.

The risk of developing PTSD is increased in individuals who are exposed to physical abuse, physical assault, or kidnapping.

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PTSD symptoms include re-experiencing the assault, avoiding things associated with the assault, numbness, and increased anxiety and an increased startle response.

PTSD can occur after childbirth and the risk increases if a woman has experienced trauma prior to the pregnancy.

Prevalence of PTSD following normal childbirth is estimated to be between 2.

For twin pairs exposed to combat in Vietnam, having a monozygotic twin with PTSD was associated with an increased risk of the co-twin's having PTSD compared to twins that were dizygotic.

Women with a smaller hippocampus might be more likely to develop PTSD following a traumatic event based on preliminary findings.

Individuals diagnosed with PTSD respond more strongly to a dexamethasone suppression test than individuals diagnosed with clinical depression.

PTSD has been hypothesized to be a maladaptive learning pathway to fear response through a hypersensitive, hyperreactive, and hyperresponsive HPA axis.

High levels of cortisol reduce noradrenergic activity, and because people with PTSD tend to have reduced levels of cortisol, it has been proposed that individuals with PTSD cannot regulate the increased noradrenergic response to traumatic stress.

Studies have shown people with PTSD demonstrate reduced levels of NPY, possibly indicating their increased anxiety levels.

Dopamine levels in a person with PTSD can contribute to symptoms: low levels can contribute to anhedonia, apathy, impaired attention, and motor deficits; high levels can contribute to psychosis, agitation, and restlessness.

The majority of reports indicate people with PTSD have elevated levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone, lower basal cortisol levels, and enhanced negative feedback suppression of the HPA axis by dexamethasone.

People with PTSD have decreased brain activity in the dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate cortices and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, areas linked to the experience and regulation of emotion.

When someone with PTSD undergoes stimuli similar to the traumatic event, the body perceives the event as occurring again because the memory was never properly recorded in the person's memory.

Amygdalocentric model of PTSD proposes that the amygdala is very much aroused and insufficiently controlled by the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, in particular during extinction.

PTSD was classified as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-IV, but has since been reclassified as a "trauma- and stressor-related disorder" in the DSM-5.

ICD-11 diagnostic description for PTSD contains three components or symptom groups re-experiencing, avoidance, and heightened sense of threat.

Diagnosis of PTSD requires that the person has been exposed to an extreme stressor.

Children with PTSD are far more likely to pursue treatment at school than at a free clinic.

CBT has been proven to be an effective treatment for PTSD and is currently considered the standard of care for PTSD by the United States Department of Defense.

PTSD had noticed that, when she was thinking about disturbing memories herself, her eyes were moving rapidly.

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The US National Center for PTSD recommends moderate exercise as a way to distract from disturbing emotions, build self-esteem and increase feelings of being in control again.

The app aims to improve sleep for people suffering from PTSD-related nightmares, by vibrating when it detects a nightmare in progress based on monitoring heart rate and body movement.

War-related stresses and traumas will be ingrained in the individual, however they will be affected differently from culture to culture, and the “clear-cut” rubric for diagnosing PTSD doesn't allow for culturally contextual reactions to take place.

Disparity in the focus of PTSD research affects the already popular perception of the exclusive interconnectedness of combat and PTSD.

PTSD stated that the name given to the condition has had a direct effect on the way veteran soldiers with PTSD were treated and perceived by civilian populations over time.