Social constructionism is a theory in sociology, social ontology, and communication theory which proposes that certain ideas about physical reality arise from collaborative consensus, instead of pure observation of said reality.
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Social constructionism posits that phenomena do not have an independent foundation outside the mental and linguistic representation that people develop about them throughout their history, and which becomes their shared reality.
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From a linguistic viewpoint, social constructionism centres meaning as an internal reference within language rather than to an external reality.
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Social constructionism has more recently been rooted in "symbolic interactionism" and "phenomenology".
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Broad definition of social constructionism has its supporters and critics in the organizational sciences.
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Social constructionism constructivism has been studied by many educational psychologists, who are concerned with its implications for teaching and learning.
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Some of the systemic models that use social constructionism include Narrative Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy.
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Potter and Kappeler, in their introduction to Constructing Crime: Perspective on Making News And Social constructionism Problems wrote, "Public opinion and crime facts demonstrate no congruence.
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Bibliographic review of social constructionism as used within communication studies was published in 2016.
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In particular, Karin Knorr-Cetina, Bruno Latour, Barry Barnes, Steve Woolgar, and others used social constructionism to relate what science has typically characterized as objective facts to the processes of social construction, with the goal of showing that human subjectivity imposes itself on those facts we take to be objective, not solely the other way around.
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Social constructionism writes "Perhaps the most widespread and influential product of this process [coming to terms with the legacy of postmodernism] is social constructionism, which has been booming [within the domain of social theory] since the 1980s.
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One criticism that has been leveled at social constructionism is that it generally ignores the contribution made by natural sciences or misuses them in social sciences.
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Social constructionism has been criticized for having an overly narrow focus on society and culture as a causal factor in human behavior, excluding the influence of innate biological tendencies, by psychologists such as Steven Pinker in The Blank Slate as well as by Asian Studies scholar Edward Slingerland in What Science Offers the Humanities.
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Social constructionism equally denies or downplays to a significant extent the role that meaning and language have for each individual, seeking to configure language as an overall structure rather than a historical instrument used by individuals to communicate their personal experiences of the world.
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Social constructionism follows Ian Hacking's argument that many adopt social constructionism because of its potentially liberating stance: if things are the way that they are only because of our social conventions, as opposed to being so naturally, then it should be possible to change them into how we would rather have them be.
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Alan Sokal criticize social constructionism for contradicting itself on the knowability of the existence of societies.
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