SQL is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system, or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system.
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SQL is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system, or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system.
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The scope of SQL includes data query, data manipulation, data definition, and data access control.
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SQL was one of the first commercial languages to use Edgar F Codd's relational model.
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SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute in 1986 and of the International Organization for Standardization in 1987.
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The name SEQUEL was later changed to SQL because "SEQUEL" was a trademark of the UK-based Hawker Siddeley Dynamics Engineering Limited company.
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The label SQL later became the acronym for Structured Query Language.
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SQL is designed for a specific purpose: to query data contained in a relational database.
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SQL is a set-based, declarative programming language, not an imperative programming language like C or BASIC.
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However, extensions to Standard SQL add procedural programming language functionality, such as control-of-flow constructs.
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SQL implementations are incompatible between vendors and do not necessarily completely follow standards.
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The folding of unquoted names to lower case in PostgreSQL is incompatible with the SQL standard, which says that unquoted names should be folded to upper case.
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SQL was adopted as a standard by the ANSI in 1986 as SQL-86 and the ISO in 1987.
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SQL standard is divided into 10 parts, but with gaps in the numbering due to the withdrawal of outdated parts.
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SQL deviates in several ways from its theoretical foundation, the relational model and its tuple calculus.
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Critics argue that SQL should be replaced with a language that returns strictly to the original foundation: for example, see The Third Manifesto.
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The concept of Nulls enforces the 3-valued-logic in SQL, which is a concrete implementation of the general 3-valued logic.
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