76 Facts About IBM

IBM began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New York, by trust businessman Charles Ranlett Flint, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924.

IBM produces and sells computer hardware, middleware and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.

IBM is a major research organization, holding the record for most annual U S patents generated by a business for 29 consecutive years.

Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine, the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM).

IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world's largest employers, with over 282, 100 employees as of 2022.

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IBM was founded in 1911 in Endicott, New York, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924.

IBM is incorporated in New York and has operations in over 170 countries.

IBM implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker".

IBM has several leadership development and recognition programs to recognize employee potential and achievements.

For certain interns, IBM has a program called Extreme Blue that partners top business and technical students to develop high-value technology and compete to present their business case to the company's CEO at internship's end.

IBM's culture has evolved significantly over its century of operations.

IBM's culture has given to different plays on the company's acronym, with some saying it stands for "I've Been Moved" due to relocations and layoffs, others saying it stands for "I'm By Myself" pursuant to a prevalent work-from-anywhere norm, and others saying it stands for "I'm Being Mentored" due to the company's open door policy and encouragement for mentoring at all levels.

In Japan, IBM employees have an American football team complete with pro stadium, cheerleaders and televised games, competing in the Japanese X-League as the "Big Blue".

IBM built the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, an electromechanical computer, during World War II.

IBM switched to transistorized designs with the 7000 and 1400 series, beginning in 1958.

In 1961, IBM developed the SABRE reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric typewriter.

The latter half of the 1960s saw IBM continue its support of space exploration, participating in the 1965 Gemini flights, 1966 Saturn flights, and 1969 lunar mission.

IBM developed and manufactured the Saturn V's Instrument Unit and Apollo spacecraft guidance computers.

IBM pioneered the manufacture of these cards, and for most of the 1970s, the data processing systems and software for such applications ran exclusively on IBM computers.

In 1991 IBM spun out its printer manufacturing into a new business called Lexmark.

In 2002 IBM acquired PwC Consulting, the consulting arm of PwC which was merged into its IBM Global Services.

In 2014, IBM announced it would sell its x86 server division to Lenovo for $2.

Also that year, IBM began announcing several major partnerships with other companies, including Apple Inc, Twitter, Facebook, Tencent, Cisco, UnderArmour, Box, Microsoft, VMware, CSC, Macy's, Sesame Workshop, the parent company of Sesame Street, and Salesforce.

In 2015, IBM announced three major acquisitions: Merge Healthcare for $1 billion, data storage vendor Cleversafe, and all digital assets from The Weather Company, including Weather.

Also that year, IBM employees created the film A Boy and His Atom, which was the first molecule movie to tell a story.

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In 2016, IBM acquired video conferencing service Ustream and formed a new cloud video unit.

The following month, Groupon sued IBM accusing it of patent infringement, two months after IBM accused Groupon of patent infringement in a separate lawsuit.

In 2015, IBM bought the digital part of The Weather Company;, Truven Health Analytics for $2.

IBM announced in October 2020 that it would divest the Managed Infrastructure Services unit of its Global Technology Services division into a new public company.

In January 2021, IBM appointed Martin Schroeter, who had been IBM's CFO from 2014 through the end of 2017, as CEO of Kyndryl.

IBM has regularly sold off low margin assets while shifting its focus to higher-value, more profitable markets.

IBM is headquartered in Armonk, New York, a community 37 miles north of Midtown Manhattan.

IBM operates in 174 countries as of 2016, with mobility centers in smaller markets areas and major campuses in the larger ones.

In New York City, IBM has several offices besides CHQ, including the IBM Watson headquarters at Astor Place in Manhattan.

Towers occupied by IBM include 1250 Rene-Levesque and One Atlantic Center (Atlanta, Georgia, USA).

In Beijing, China, IBM occupies Pangu Plaza, the city's seventh tallest building and overlooking Beijing National Stadium, home to the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Defunct IBM campuses include the IBM Somers Office Complex, Spango Valley (Greenock, Scotland), and Tour Descartes (Paris, France).

IBM was recognized as one of the Top 20 Best Workplaces for Commuters by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 2005, which recognized Fortune 500 companies that provided employees with excellent commuter benefits to help reduce traffic and air pollution.

IBM ranked No 38 on the 2020 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.

IBM has been criticized for using "financial engineering" to hit its quarterly earnings targets, rather than investing for the longer term.

In February 2021, IBM committed to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2030.

IBM has a large and diverse portfolio of products and services.

IBM Cloud includes infrastructure as a service, software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) offered through public, private and hybrid cloud delivery models.

IBM SoftLayer is a dedicated server, managed hosting and cloud computing provider, which in 2011 reported hosting more than 81, 000 servers for more than 26, 000 customers.

IBM provides Cloud Data Encryption Services, using cryptographic splitting to secure customer data.

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IBM owns The Weather Company, which provides weather forecasting and includes weather.

IBM Watson is a technology platform that uses natural language processing and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of unstructured data.

For example, IBM has partnered with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to assist with considering treatment options for oncology patients and for doing melanoma screenings.

In January 2019, IBM introduced its first commercial quantum computer IBM Q System One.

IBM provides infrastructure for the New York City Police Department through their IBM Cognos Analytics to perform data visualizations of CompStat crime data.

In May 2022, IBM announced the company had signed a multi-year Strategic Collaboration Agreement with Amazon Web Services to make a wide variety of IBM software available as a service on AWS Marketplace.

Additionally, the deal includes both companies to make joint investments that make it easier for companies to consume IBM's offering and integrate them with AWS, including developer training and software development for select markets.

IBM Research is headquartered at the Thomas J Watson Research Center in New York, and facilities include the Almaden lab in California, Austin lab in Texas, Australia lab in Melbourne, Brazil lab in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, China lab in Beijing and Shanghai, Ireland lab in Dublin, Haifa lab in Israel, India lab in Delhi and Bangalore, Tokyo lab, Zurichlab and Africa lab in Nairobi.

IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998.

IBM invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers.

IBM has released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse, the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby.

Famous inventions and developments by IBM include: the Automated teller machine, Dynamic random access memory (DRAM), the electronic keypunch, the financial swap, the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, RISC, the SABRE airline reservation system, SQL, the Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, and the virtual machine.

Since its first patent for a traffic signaling device, IBM has been one of the world's most prolific patent sources.

IBM is nicknamed Big Blue in part due to its blue logo and color scheme, and partially since IBM once had a de facto dress code of white shirts with blue suits.

IBM logo has undergone several changes over the years, with its current "8-bar" logo designed in 1972 by graphic designer Paul Rand.

IBM has a valuable brand as a result of over 100 years of operations and marketing campaigns.

Since 1996, IBM has been the exclusive technology partner for the Masters Tournament, one of the four major championships in professional golf, with IBM creating the first Masters.

IBM is a major sponsor in professional tennis, with engagements at the U S Open, Wimbledon, the Australian Open, and the French Open.

IBM sponsored the Olympic Games from 1960 to 2000, and the National Football League from 2003 to 2012.

IBM was among the first corporations to provide group life insurance, survivor benefits (1935), training for women (1935), paid vacations (1937), and training for disabled people (1942).

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IBM hired its first black salesperson in 1946, and in 1952, CEO Thomas J Watson, Jr.

Additionally, in 2005, IBM became the first major company in the world to commit formally to not use genetic information in employment decisions; and in 2017, IBM was named to Working Mothers 100 Best Companies List for the 32nd consecutive year.

IBM has several leadership development and recognition programs to recognize employee potential and achievements.

For certain interns, IBM has a program called Extreme Blue that partners top business and technical students to develop high-value technology and compete to present their business case to the company's CEO at internship's end.

IBM's culture has evolved significantly over its century of operations.

IBM's culture has given to different plays on the company acronym, with some saying it stands for "I've Been Moved" due to relocations and layoffs, others saying it stands for "I'm By Myself" pursuant to a prevalent work-from-anywhere norm, and others saying it stands for "I'm Being Mentored" due to the company's open door policy and encouragement for mentoring at all levels.

In Japan, IBM employees have an American football team complete with pro stadium, cheerleaders and televised games, competing in the Japanese X-League as the "Big Blue".

In 2015, IBM started giving employees the option of choosing Mac as their primary work device, next to the option of a PC or a Linux distribution.

In 2016, IBM eliminated forced rankings and changed its annual performance review system to focus more on frequent feedback, coaching, and skills development.

Many IBM employees have achieved notability outside of work and after leaving IBM.

In 2011, IBM became the first technology company Warren Buffett's holding company Berkshire Hathaway invested in.