24 Facts About TATA box

In molecular biology, the TATA box is a sequence of DNA found in the core promoter region of genes in archaea and eukaryotes.

The bacterial homolog of the TATA box is called the Pribnow box which has a shorter consensus sequence.

TATA box was first identified in 1978 as a component of eukaryotic promoters.

The TATA box is the binding site of the TATA-binding protein and other transcription factors in some eukaryotic genes.

Some diseases associated with mutations in the TATA box include gastric cancer, spinocerebellar ataxia, Huntington's disease, blindness, ß-thalassemia, immunosuppression, Gilbert's syndrome, and HIV-1.

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The TATA box-binding protein could be targeted by viruses as a means of viral transcription.

TATA box was the first eukaryotic core promoter motif to be identified in 1978 by American biochemist David Hogness while he and his graduate student, Michael Goldberg were on sabbatical at the University of Basel in Switzerland.

The TATA box was found in protein coding genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.

In metazoans, the TATA box is located 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site.

TATA box-binding protein can be recruited in two ways, by SAGA, a cofactor for RNA polymerase II, or by TFIID.

CAAT TATA box is a region of nucleotides with the following consensus sequence: 5' GGCCAATCT 3'.

TATA box is a component of the eukaryotic core promoter and generally contains the consensus sequence 5'-TATAA-3'.

Generally, TATA box-containing genes are not involved in essential cellular functions such as cell growth, DNA replication, transcription, and translation because of their highly regulated nature.

Genes containing the TATA box usually require additional promoter elements, including an initiator site located just upstream of the transcription start site and a downstream core element.

For example, one study used the adenovirus TATA promoter sequence as a model binding sequence and found that human TBP binding to the TATA box induced a 97° bend toward the major groove while the yeast TBP protein only induced an 82° bend.

Conformational changes induced by TBP binding to the TATA box allows for additional transcription factors and RNA polymerase II to bind to the promoter region.

TFIID first binds to the TATA box, facilitated by TFIIA binding to the upstream part of the TFIID complex.

Generally, the TATA box is found at RNA polymerase II promoter regions, although some in vitro studies have demonstrated that RNA polymerase III can recognize TATA sequences.

One of the first studies of TATA box mutations looked at a sequence of DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens for the octopine type cytokinin gene.

Point mutations to the TATA box have similar varying phenotypic changes depending on the gene that is being affected.

The TATA box has a binding site for the transcription factor of the PG2 gene.

Blindness can be caused by excessive cataract formation when the TATA box is targeted by microRNAs to increase the level of oxidative stress genes.

MicroRNAs can target the 3'-untranslated region and bind to the TATA box to activate the transcription of oxidative stress related genes.

The result is to immobilize the TATA box-binding protein on DNA in order to down-regulate transcription initiation.