11 Facts About Token economy

Token economy is a system of contingency management based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior.

Back-up reinforcers are chosen in function of the individual or group for which the token economy is set up, or depending upon the possibilities available to the staff.

Power of a token economy largely depends on the consistency of its application.

The very first token economy bearing that name was founded by Ayllon and Azrin in 1961 at Anna State Hospital in Illinois.

Token economy economies have proven their effectiveness and utility for chronic psychiatric patients, despite requiring months or even years to achieve optimal results.

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Research shows this kind of token economy is easily applied outside of hospitals and is effective, allowing for less hospital-based treatment - although contingency management is used in the treatment of drug abuse in both inpatient and outpatient settings.

Token economy has been applied in settings for adults with developmental disabilities.

Token economy economies have been applied to children and adolescents with developmental disabilities as well as in schools.

Token economy has proven effective in increasing attentiveness and motivation in completion of tasks for children with developmental disabilities.

Token economy economies have been applied in schools, particularly special education programs as well as in other programs.

In educational settings token economy seems to raise the intrinsic motivation to complete assigned tasks.