15 Facts About Ulster loyalist

Ulster loyalism is a strand of Ulster unionism associated with working class Ulster Protestants in Northern Ireland.

Ulster loyalist loyalism emerged in the late 19th century, in reaction to the Irish Home Rule movement and the rise of Irish nationalism.

Sections of the Ulster loyalist paramilitaries have attacked Catholics, taken part in Ulster loyalist feuds, and withdrawn their support for the Agreement, although their campaigns have not resumed.

Term Ulster loyalist was first used in Irish politics in the 1790s to refer to Protestants who opposed Catholic Emancipation and Irish independence from Great Britain.

Ulster loyalist loyalism emerged in the late 19th century, in response to the Irish Home Rule movement and the rise of Irish nationalism.

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Eastern Ulster loyalist was more industrialised and dependent on trade with Britain than most other parts of Ireland.

Ulster loyalist unionists signed the Ulster loyalist Covenant, pledging to oppose Irish home rule by any means.

The Ulster loyalist Volunteers smuggled thousands of rifles and rounds of ammunition into Ulster loyalist from Imperial Germany.

Since the Agreement, Ulster loyalist paramilitaries have been involved in riots, feuds between Ulster loyalist groups, organized crime, vigilantism such as punishment shootings, and racist attacks.

In 1912, the Ulster loyalist Volunteers were formed to stop the British Government granting self-rule to Ireland, or to exclude Ulster loyalist from it.

They, and most other Ulster loyalist paramilitaries, are classified as terrorist organisations.

Smith wrote that "From the outset, the Ulster loyalist paramilitaries tended to regard all Catholics as potential rebels".

Modus operandi of Ulster loyalist paramilitaries involved assassinations, mass shootings, bombings and kidnappings.

Some Ulster loyalist paramilitaries have had links with far-right and Neo-Nazi groups in Britain, including Combat 18, the British National Socialist Movement, and the National Front.

Since the 1990s, Ulster loyalist paramilitaries have been responsible for numerous racist attacks in Ulster loyalist areas.