25 Facts About Vitamin K

Vitamin K refers to structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements.

Vitamin K1 is made by plants, and is found in highest amounts in green leafy vegetables, because it is directly involved in photosynthesis.

Vitamin K refers to structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements.

Vitamin K has several roles: an essential nutrient absorbed from food, a product synthesized and marketed as part of a multi-vitamin or as a single-vitamin dietary supplement, and a prescription medication for specific purposes.

Vitamin K has no upper limit, as human data for adverse effects from high doses are not sufficient.

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Vitamin K1 is primarily from plants, especially leafy green vegetables.

Vitamin K2 is primarily from animal-sourced foods, with poultry and eggs much better sources than beef, pork or fish.

Vitamin K is given as an injection to newborns to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding.

Vitamin K is a treatment for bleeding events caused by overdose of the drug.

Oral vitamin K is used in situations when a person's International normalised ratio is greater than 10 but there is no active bleeding.

Vitamin K is required for the gamma-carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues within the Gla domain of the 17 vitamin K–dependent proteins.

Vitamin K2 has been shown to lower this ratio and improve lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density.

Vitamin K1 has an trans double bond responsible for its biological activity, and two chiral centers on the phytyl sidechain.

Vitamin K1 appears as a yellow viscous liquid at room temperature due to its absorption of violet light in the UV-Vis Spectra.

The large size of Vitamin K1 gives many different peaks in mass spectroscopy, most of which involve derivatives of the naphthoquinone ring base and the alkyl side chain.

Vitamin K is absorbed through the jejunum and ileum in the small intestine.

Vitamin K is distributed differently within animals depending on its specific homologue.

Vitamin K1 is mainly present in the liver, heart and pancreas, while MK-4 is better represented in the kidneys, brain and pancreas.

The vitamin undergoes electron reduction to a reduced form called vitamin K hydroquinone, catalyzed by the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase .

The reduction and subsequent reoxidation of vitamin K coupled with carboxylation of Glu is called the vitamin K cycle.

Vitamin K1 is an important chemical in green plants, where it functions as an electron acceptor in photosystem I during photosynthesis.

Vitamin K initially replicated experiments reported by scientists at the Ontario Agricultural College.

Precise function of vitamin K was not discovered until 1974, when prothrombin, a blood coagulation protein, was confirmed to be vitamin K dependent.

Vitamin K is required for the gamma-carboxylation of osteocalcin in bone.

In meta-analyses of population studies, low intake of vitamin K was associated with inactive MGP, arterial calcification and arterial stiffness.

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