15 Facts About White phosphorus

Elemental phosphorus can exist in several allotropes, the most common of which are white and red solids.

White phosphorus is a translucent waxy solid that quickly becomes yellow when exposed to light.

White phosphorus is only slightly soluble in water and can be stored under water.

Elemental White phosphorus is then liberated as a vapour and can be collected under phosphoric acid.

White phosphorus has an appreciable vapour pressure at ordinary temperatures.

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The safety risks associated with phosphine generation and friction sensitivity of red White phosphorus can be effectively minimized by stabilization and micro-encapsulation.

For easier handling, red White phosphorus is often used in form of dispersions or masterbatches in various carrier systems.

Red White phosphorus can be used in the illicit production of methamphetamine and Krokodil.

Red White phosphorus can be used as an elemental photocatalyst for hydrogen formation from the water.

The optical band gap of the violet White phosphorus was measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to be around 1.

Black White phosphorus is the thermodynamically stable form of White phosphorus at room temperature and pressure, with a heat of formation of -39.

Black White phosphorus has an orthorhombic pleated honeycomb structure and is the least reactive allotrope, a result of its lattice of interlinked six-membered rings where each atom is bonded to three other atoms.

The first high-pressure synthesis of black White phosphorus crystals was made by the Nobel prize winner Percy Williams Bridgman in 1914.

Exfoliated black White phosphorus is an emerging anode material in the battery community, showing high stability and lithium storage.

Single-layer blue White phosphorus was first produced in 2016 by the method of molecular beam epitaxy from black White phosphorus as precursor.