18 Facts About Antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials.

Antibiotic Antimicrobial resistance is a major subset of AMR, that applies specifically to bacteria that become resistant to antibiotics.

Antimicrobial resistance is increasing globally due to increased prescription and dispensing of antibiotic drugs in developing countries.

Worldwide antibiotic Antimicrobial resistance is not completely identified, but poorer countries with weaker healthcare systems are more affected.

Antibiotic Antimicrobial resistance—when bacteria change so antibiotics no longer work in people who need them to treat infections—is a major threat to public health.

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In 2018, WHO considered antibiotic Antimicrobial resistance to be one of the biggest threats to global health, food security and development.

Antimicrobial resistance can evolve naturally due to continued exposure to antimicrobials.

For instance, methicillin-Antimicrobial resistance evolved in a pathogen of hedgehogs, possibly as a co-evolutionary adaptation of the pathogen to hedgehogs that are infected by a dermatophyte that naturally produces antibiotics.

Antimicrobial resistance crisis extends to the food industry, specifically with food producing animals.

ResistanceOpen is an online global map of antimicrobial resistance developed by HealthMap which displays aggregated data on antimicrobial resistance from publicly available and user submitted data.

People can help tackle Antimicrobial resistance by using antibiotics only when prescribed by a doctor; completing the full prescription, even if they feel better; never sharing antibiotics with others or using leftover prescriptions.

The strong link between increased consumption and Antimicrobial resistance indicates that this will directly mitigate the accelerating spread of AMR.

Six pathogens causing most deaths associated with Antimicrobial resistance are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In gram-negative bacteria, plasmid-mediated Antimicrobial resistance genes produce proteins that can bind to DNA gyrase, protecting it from the action of quinolones.

Antibiotic Antimicrobial resistance can be acquired as a result of either genetic mutation or horizontal gene transfer.

Antibiotic Antimicrobial resistance can be introduced artificially into a microorganism through laboratory protocols, sometimes used as a selectable marker to examine the mechanisms of gene transfer or to identify individuals that absorbed a piece of DNA that included the Antimicrobial resistance gene and another gene of interest.

Researchers hypothesize that the mechanism of resistance evolution is based on four SNP mutations in the genome of E coli produced by the gradient of antibiotic.

One source of Antimicrobial resistance is that many current HIV drugs, including NRTIs and NNRTIs, target reverse transcriptase; however, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is highly error prone and thus mutations conferring Antimicrobial resistance arise rapidly.