Atmospheric entry is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.
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Atmospheric entry is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.
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An alternative method of controlled atmospheric entry is buoyancy which is suitable for planetary entry where thick atmospheres, strong gravity, or both factors complicate high-velocity hyperbolic entry, such as the atmospheres of Venus, Titan and the gas giants.
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Practical development of reAtmospheric entry systems began as the range, and reAtmospheric entry velocity of ballistic missiles increased.
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From simple engineering principles, Allen and Eggers showed that the heat load experienced by an entry vehicle was inversely proportional to the drag coefficient; i e, the greater the drag, the less the heat load.
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Space exploration sphere-cone Atmospheric entry vehicles have landed on the surface or entered the atmospheres of Mars, Venus, Jupiter, and Titan.
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Direct friction upon the reAtmospheric entry object is not the main cause of shock-layer heating.
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The distance from the shock wave to the stagnation point on the Atmospheric entry vehicle's leading edge is called shock wave stand off.
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Non-equilibrium air in the shock layer is then transported past the Atmospheric entry vehicle's leading side into a region of rapidly expanding flow that causes freezing.
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Consequently, for Atmospheric entry trajectories causing lower heat flux, carbon phenolic is sometimes inappropriate and lower-density TPS materials such as the following examples can be better design choices:.
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SLA-561V is a proprietary ablative made by Lockheed Martin that has been used as the primary TPS material on all of the 70° sphere-cone Atmospheric entry vehicles sent by NASA to Mars other than the Mars Science Laboratory .
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However, the velocity attained by SpaceShipOne prior to reAtmospheric entry is much lower than that of an orbital spacecraft, and engineers, including Rutan, recognize that a feathered reAtmospheric entry technique is not suitable for return from orbit.
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Feathered reAtmospheric entry was first described by Dean Chapman of NACA in 1958.
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The reAtmospheric entry was a major media event largely due to the Cosmos 954 incident, but not viewed as much as a potential disaster since it did not carry toxic nuclear or hydrazine fuel.
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