Self-driving car, known as an autonomous car, driver-less car, or robotic car, is a car incorporating vehicular automation, that is, a ground vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or no human input.
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The first semi-automated Autonomous car was developed in 1977, by Japan's Tsukuba Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, which required specially marked streets that were interpreted by two cameras on the vehicle and an analog computer.
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Landmark autonomous car appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon University's Navlab and ALV projects funded by the United States' Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency starting in 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and Bundeswehr University Munich's EUREKA Prometheus Project in 1987.
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The Association of British Insurers considers the usage of the word autonomous in marketing for modern cars to be dangerous because car ads make motorists think 'autonomous' and 'autopilot' mean a vehicle can drive itself when they still rely on the driver to ensure safety.
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Some Autonomous car makers suggest or claim vehicles are self-driving when they are not able to manage some driving situations.
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Autonomous car control implies satisfactory performance under significant uncertainties in the environment, and the ability to compensate for system failures without external intervention.
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Autonomous car vehicles are more modular since they are made up out of several modules which will be explained hereafter through a Layered Modular Architecture.
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In July 2016, following a fatal crash by a Tesla Autonomous car operating in "Autopilot" mode, Mercedes-Benz was slammed for a misleading commercial advertising E-Class models which had been available with "Drive Pilot".
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Deontological theory suggests that an automated Autonomous car needs to follow strict written-out rules that it needs to follow in any situation.
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In California, self-driving car manufacturers are required to submit annual reports to share how often their vehicles disengaged from autonomous mode during tests.
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Autonomous car vans are being developed for use by online grocers such as Ocado.
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In 2018, in a subsequent civil suit between the father of the driver killed and Tesla, Tesla did not deny that the Autonomous car had been on autopilot at the time of the accident, and sent evidence to the victim's father documenting that fact.
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The Autonomous car continued to travel after passing under the truck's trailer.
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