18 Facts About Biedermeier

Biedermeier period was an era in Central Europe between 1815 and 1848 during which the middle class grew in number and the arts appealed to common sensibilities.

Term Biedermeier appeared first in literary circles in the form of a pseudonym, Gottlieb Biedermaier, used by the country doctor Adolf Kussmaul and lawyer Ludwig Eichrodt in poems that the duo had published in the Munich satirical weekly Fliegende Blatter in 1850.

Typical Biedermeier poets are Annette von Droste-Hulshoff, Friedrich Halm, Adelbert von Chamisso, Eduard Morike, and Wilhelm Muller, the last three of whom have well-known musical settings by Schumann, Hugo Wolf and Franz Schubert respectively.

These post-Biedermeier struggles, influenced by historicism, created their own styles.

Biedermeier style was a simplified interpretation of the influential French Empire style of Napoleon I, which introduced the romance of ancient Roman Empire styles, adapting these to modern early 19th century households.

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Biedermeier furniture used locally available materials such as cherry, ash, and oak woods rather than the expensive timbers such as fully imported mahogany.

Biedermeier furniture was the first style in the world that emanated from the growing middle class.

The Swedish Karl Johan style, similar to Biedermeier, retained its elegant and blatantly Napoleonic style throughout the 19th century.

Biedermeier furniture and lifestyle was a focus on exhibitions at the Vienna applied arts museum in 1896.

Biedermeier influenced the various Bauhaus styles through their truth in material philosophy.

Term Biedermeier is used to refer to a style of clocks made in Vienna in the early 19th century.

Biedermeier architecture was marked by simplicity and elegance, exemplified by the paintings of Jakob Alt and Carl Spitzweg.

Biedermeier themes reinforced feelings of security, Gemutlichkeit, traditional pieties, and simplicity, eschewing political and social commentary during the epoch.

In Denmark, the Biedermeier period corresponded with the Danish Golden Age, a time of creative production in the country which encompasses the paintings of Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg and his students, including Wilhelm Bendz, Christen Købke, Martinus Rørbye, Constantin Hansen, and Wilhelm Marstrand as well as the neoclassical sculpture inspired by the example set by Bertel Thorvaldsen.

Biedermeier in was most evident in the numerous publications for in-home music making.

Biedermeier period coincided with the Czech National Revival movement in the Czech-speaking areas.

Key painters of the Czech Biedermeier were Josef Navratil, Antonin Machek, and Antonin Manes.

Biedermeier was reflected in the applied arts: glass and porcelain, fashion, jewellery, and furniture.