13 Facts About Blood doping

Blood doping is a form of doping in which the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream is boosted in order to enhance athletic performance.

Blood doping can be achieved by making the body produce more red blood cells itself using drugs, giving blood transfusions either from another person or back to the same individual, or by using blood substitutes.

Many methods of blood doping are illegal, particularly in professional sports where it is considered to give an artificial advantage to the competitor.

Anti-doping agencies use tests to try to identify individuals who have been blood doping using a number of methods, typically by analysing blood samples from the competitors.

Blood doping transfusion begins by the withdrawal of 1 to 4 units of blood several weeks before competition.

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Autologous blood doping detection is done indirectly via CO rebreathing technique to measure the nonphysiologic increases in Hb mass.

Blood doping started in the late 1960s but was not outlawed until 1986.

The first known case of blood doping occurred at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow as Kaarlo Maaninka was transfused with two pints of blood before winning medals in the 5 and 10 kilometer track races, though this was not against the rules at the time.

Blood doping was allowed to keep his gold medal because the processing of his sample precluded conducting a second, confirmatory test.

Blood doping appealed a second positive test for homologous transfusion from the 2004 Vuelta a Espana to the International Court of Arbitration for Sport but his appeal was denied.

Blood doping's team withdrew after the revelation that Vinokourov had doped.

Blood doping's mean reticulocyte count over the ten years from 2000 to 2009 was 2.

Blood doping later admitted to using banned substances including blood doping with transfusions and EPO in an interview with Oprah Winfrey on January 17,2013.