67 Facts About Moscow

Moscow is among the world's largest cities; being the most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent.

Northernmost and coldest megacity in the world, with a history that spans eight centuries, Moscow is governed as a federal city that serves as the political, economic, cultural, and scientific center of Russia and Eastern Europe.

Moscow is home to the seventh-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world.

Moscow was the host city of the 1980 Summer Olympics, and one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Moscow is home to many Russian companies in numerous industries and is served by a comprehensive transit network, which includes four international airports, ten railway terminals, a tram system, a monorail system, and most notably the Moscow Metro, the busiest metro system in Europe, and one of the largest rapid transit systems in the world.

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Moscow has acquired several epithets, most referring to its size and preeminent status within the nation: The Third Rome, the Whitestone One, the First Throne, the Forty Soroks .

The demonym for a Moscow resident is "" for male or "??" for female, rendered in English as Muscovite.

Timber fort na Moskve "on the Moscow River" was inherited by Daniel, the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, in the 1260s, at the time considered the least valuable of his father's possessions.

Daniel has been credited with founding the first Moscow monasteries, dedicated to the Lord's Epiphany and to Saint Daniel.

Moscow was quite stable and prosperous for many years and attracted a large number of refugees from across Russia.

In 1380, prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow led a united Russian army to an important victory over the Mongols in the Battle of Kulikovo.

In 1480, Ivan III had finally broken the Russians free from Tatar control, and Moscow became the capital of an empire that would eventually encompass all of Russia and Siberia, and parts of many other lands.

Moscow began fighting the Tatars, enlarged the territory of Muscovy, and enriched his capital city.

Moscow conquered the far larger principality of Novgorod to the north, which had been allied to the hostile Lithuanians.

Moscow took control of the ancient "Novgorod Chronicle" and made it a propaganda vehicle for his regime.

Moscow ceased to be Russia's capital, except for a brief period from 1728 to 1732 under the influence of the Supreme Privy Council.

In 1741 Moscow was surrounded by a barricade 40 kilometres long, the Kamer-Kollezhskiy barrier, with 16 gates at which customs tolls were collected.

Sokolniki Park, in the 18th century the home of the tsar's falconers well outside Moscow, became contiguous with the expanding city in the later 19th century and was developed into a public municipal park in 1878.

In 1991 Moscow was the scene of a coup attempt by conservative communists opposed to the liberal reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Since then, a market economy has emerged in Moscow, producing an explosion of Western-style retailing, services, architecture, and lifestyles.

In 2010s Moscow's Administration has launched some long duration projects like the Moja Ulitsa urban redevelopment program or the Residency renovation one.

Moscow serves as the reference point for the time zone used in most of European Russia, Belarus and the Republic of Crimea.

Temperatures in the centre of Moscow are often significantly higher than in the outskirts and nearby suburbs, especially in winter.

The Patriarch of Moscow serves as the head of the church and resides in the Danilov Monastery.

Moscow was called the "city of 40 times 40 churches"—prior to 1917.

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Moscow is Russia's capital of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which has been the country's traditional religion.

Moscow is the site of Saint Basil's Cathedral, with its elegant onion domes, as well as the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the Seven Sisters.

Medieval Moscow's design was of concentric walls and intersecting radial thoroughfares.

Moscow designed spacious elongated shop galleries, most notably the GUM department store on Red Square, bridged with innovative metal-and-glass vaults.

Soviet goal of providing housing for every family, and the rapid growth of Moscow's population, led to the construction of large, monotonous housing blocks.

Ostankino Palace, Kuskovo, Uzkoye and other large estates just outside Moscow originally belong to nobles from the Tsarist era, and some convents, and monasteries, both inside and outside the city, are open to Muscovites and tourists.

Moscow's skyline is quickly modernizing, with several new towers under construction.

Moscow is a very green city, if compared to other cities of comparable size in Western Europe and North America; this is partly due to a history of having green "yards" with trees and grass, between residential buildings.

One of the most notable art museums in Moscow is the Tretyakov Gallery, which was founded by Pavel Tretyakov, a wealthy patron of the arts who donated a large private collection to the city.

Moscow will get its own branch of the Hermitage Museum in 2024, with authorities having agreed upon the final project, to be executed by Hani Rashid, co-founder of New York-based 'Asymptote Architecture' - the same bureau that's behind the city's stock market building, the Busan-based World Business Center Solomon Tower and the Strata Tower in Abu-Dhabi.

Moscow is the heart of the Russian performing arts, including ballet and film, with 68 museums 103 theaters, 132 cinemas and 24 concert halls.

Moscow is home to 63 stadiums, of which Luzhniki Stadium is the largest and the 4th biggest in Europe .

Moscow was again the host of the competition in 2010, this time in Krylatskoye.

Moscow was the host city of the 1980 Summer Olympics, with the yachting events being held at Tallinn, in present-day Estonia.

Moscow had more winners at the USSR and Russian Chess Championship than any other city.

In football, FC Spartak Moscow has won more championship titles in the Russian Premier League than any other team.

PFC CSKA Moscow became the first Russian football team to win a UEFA title, the UEFA Cup .

Slava Moscow is a professional rugby club, competing in the national Professional Rugby League.

Nightlife in Moscow has moved on since Soviet times and today the city has many of the world's largest nightclubs.

Moscow's EMS is the second most efficient one among the world's megacities, as reported by PwC during the presentation of the international study Analysis of EMS Efficiency in Megacities of the World.

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The city of Moscow is divided into twelve administrative okrugs and 125 districts.

The central part of Moscow grew by consolidating with suburbs in line with medieval principles of urban development when strong fortress walls would gradually spread along the circle streets of adjacent new settlements.

The first circular defence walls set the trajectory of Moscow's rings, laying the groundwork for the future planning of the Russian capital.

However, contemporary Moscow has engulfed a number of territories outside the MKAD, such as Solntsevo, Butovo, and the town of Zelenograd.

Moscow has one of the largest municipal economies in Europe and it accounts more than one-fifth of Russia's gross domestic product .

Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe.

Primary industries in Moscow include the chemical, metallurgy, food, textile, furniture, energy production, software development and machinery industries.

The Poljot Moscow watch factory produces military, professional and sport watches well known in Russia and abroad.

Moscow ranked first in the 2007 edition and 2008 edition of the survey.

In 2008, Moscow ranked top on the list of most expensive cities for the third year in a row.

In 2014, according to Forbes, Moscow was ranked the 9th most expensive city in the world.

Moscow is one of the financial centers of the Russian Federation and CIS countries and is known for its business schools.

Moscow Conservatory, founded in 1866, is a prominent music school in Russia whose graduates include Sergey Rachmaninoff, Alexander Scriabin, Aram Khachaturian, Mstislav Rostropovich, and Alfred Schnittke.

The Moscow Metro is the busiest metro system in Europe, as well as one of the world's busiest metro systems, serving about ten million passengers daily .

Moscow has an extensive tram system, which first opened in 1899.

Moscow Central Circle is a 54-kilometre-long urban-metro railway orbital line that encircles historical Moscow.

Line is operated by the Moscow Government owned company MKZD through the Moscow Metro, with the Federal Government owned Russian Railways selected as the operation subcontractor.

However, in S-bahn way, Moscow unified tickets "Ediniiy" and "Troika" are accepted by MCC stations.

Moscow has different vehicle sharing options that are sponsored by the local government.

In 2018 the mayor Sergey Sobyanin said Moscow's car sharing system has become the biggest in Europe in terms of vehicle fleet.

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Line 4 of Moscow Metro had the longest time intervals between train arrivals throughout the 2010s.

Moscow is home to nearly all of Russia's nationwide television networks, radio stations, newspapers, and magazines.