Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.
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Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.
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Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including Kievan Rus', the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.
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Belarus is the only country in Europe officially using the death penalty.
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Belarus is a developing country, ranking 60th in the Human Development Index.
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Belarus suspended its participation in the latter on 28 June 2021, after the EU imposed more sanctions against the country.
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Name Belarus is closely related with the term Belaya Rus, i e, White Rus'.
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Many early Rus' principalities were virtually razed or severely affected by a major Mongol invasion in the 13th century, but the lands of modern-day Belarus avoided the brunt of the invasion and eventually joined the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
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The Jewish population of Belarus was devastated during the Holocaust and never recovered.
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Stanislau Shushkevich, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus, met with Boris Yeltsin of Russia and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine on 8 December 1991 in Bialowieza Forest to formally declare the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
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Two years later the so-called Milk War, a trade dispute, started when Russia wanted Belarus to recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and through a series of events ended up banning the import of dairy products from Belarus.
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In 2011, Belarus suffered a severe economic crisis attributed to Lukashenko's government's centralised control of the economy.
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Belarus, by constitution, is a presidential republic with separation of powers, governed by a president and the National Assembly.
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Under Lukashenko, Belarus has been considered an autocracy where power is ultimately concentrated in the hands of the president, elections are not free and judicial independence is weak.
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The Communist Party of Belarus won 3 seats, and the Agrarian Party and Republican Party of Labour and Justice, one each.
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Belarus has often been described as "Europe's last dictatorship" by some media outlets, politicians and authors due to its authoritarian government.
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Belarus is dependent on Russia for imports of raw materials and for its export market.
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Belarus was a founding member of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
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Belarus has trade agreements with several European Union member states, including neighboring Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland.
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Belarus has strong ties with Syria, considered a key partner in the Middle East.
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Belarus is included in the European Union's Eastern Partnership program, part of the EU's European Neighbourhood Policy, which aims to bring the EU and its neighbours closer in economic and geopolitical terms.
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However, Belarus suspended its participation in the Eastern Partnership program on 28 June 2021, after the EU imposed more sanctions against the country.
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The transformation of the ex-Soviet forces into the Armed Forces of Belarus, which was completed in 1997, reduced the number of its soldiers by 30, 000 and restructured its leadership and military formations.
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Belarus has not expressed a desire to join NATO but has participated in the Individual Partnership Program since 1997, and Belarus provides refueling and airspace support for the ISAF mission in Afghanistan.
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However, Belarus cannot join NATO because it is a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation.
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Tensions between NATO and Belarus peaked after the March 2006 presidential election in Belarus.
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Belarus is the only European country still using capital punishment having carried out executions in 2011.
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Judicial system in Belarus lacks independence and is subject to political interference.
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Belarus is divided into six regions called oblasts, which are named after the cities that serve as their administrative centers: Brest, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev, Minsk, and Vitebsk.
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Local government in Belarus is administered by administrative-territorial units, and occurs on two levels: basic and primary.
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At the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Belarus was one of the world's most industrially developed states by percentage of GDP as well as the richest CIS member-state.
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Economically, Belarus involved itself in the CIS, Eurasian Economic Community, and Union with Russia.
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Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, under Lukashenko's leadership, Belarus has maintained government control over key industries and eschewed the large-scale privatizations seen in other former Soviet republics.
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Belarus applied to become a member of the World Trade Organization in 1993.
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On 1 June 2011, Belarus requested an economic rescue package from the International Monetary Fund.
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Since 2004, Belarus has been sending artists to the Eurovision Song Contest.
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Belarus spent the World War I years in Soviet Belarus, becoming one of the country's most distinguished artists and a member of the modernist avant-garde and was a founder of the Vitebsk Arts College.
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Belarus has competed in the Olympic Games since the 1994 Winter Olympics as an independent nation.
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Belarus's won the gold medal in mixed doubles at the 2012 Summer Olympics with Max Mirnyi, who holds ten Grand Slam titles in doubles.
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Belarus has four UNESCO-designated World Heritage Sites: the Mir Castle Complex, the Nesvizh Castle, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha, and the Struve Geodetic Arc (shared with nine other countries).
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