1. Carl Aldo Marzani was an Italian-born American political activist with a series of careers as a volunteer soldier in the Spanish Civil War, organizer for the Communist Party USA, United States intelligence official, documentary filmmaker with an Academy Award nomination, author, and publisher.
Carl Marzani picked the targets for the Doolittle raid on Tokyo, which took place on April 18,1942.
Carl Aldo Marzani was born on March 4,1912, in Rome, Italy.
Carl Marzani entered the first grade at the age of twelve, not knowing English.
Carl Marzani graduated from high school in 1931 with a scholarship to Williams College.
Carl Marzani began writing and became the editor of the school's literary magazine.
Carl Marzani served with the Durruti Column, a unit of the anarchist wing of the Republican forces, during late 1936 and early 1937.
Carl Marzani's advocacy of military discipline raised suspicion that he was a communist, and thereby an adversary of the anarchists in the Republican struggle.
In Spain, Carl Marzani was impressed by what he had seen of the communists, but not by the anarchists.
In 1937 Carl Marzani returned to Oxford and married Edith Eisner.
The WPA assigned Carl Marzani to teach economics at New York University.
Carl Marzani joined the CPUSA 25 August 1939, two days after the Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed, under the alias Tony Wales.
In early 1942 after the United States became involved in World War II, Carl Marzani went to Washington, DC to help in the war effort.
Carl Marzani did not hide his Marxist orientation but stated that he had left CPUSA, which satisfied enough of his OSS colleagues.
At the OSS, Marzani worked under Colonel William J Donovan from 1942 to 1945 in the Analysis Branch.
In 1945 Carl Marzani transferred to the Department of State, where he worked as the deputy chief of the Presentation Division of the Office of Intelligence.
Carl Marzani's branch was moved to the State Department, where he was the deputy chief of the Presentation Division of the Office of Intelligence.
In 1946 Carl Marzani founded and directed Union Films, a film documentary company that had contracts with the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America and other unions to do documentaries.
One film entitled Deadline for Action, was released in September 1946, five weeks before Carl Marzani resigned from the State Department.
Carl Marzani served all but four months of a thirty-six-month sentence.
Carl Marzani later wrote of serving time in Danbury Federal Prison with former House Un-American Activities Committee chairman J Parnell Thomas, as well as Ring Lardner, Jr.
In prison, Marzani began work on a book blaming President Harry S Truman for starting the Cold War.
In 1957, Carl Marzani published the first American translation of writings by Antonio Gramsci, The Open Marxism of Antonio Gramsci.
Carl Marzani's translation comprised about half of the book, while his introduction and annotations supplied the other half.
Carl Marzani traveled to Europe and the Soviet Union in September 1960, returning to New York in January.
Carl Marzani was working on a Spanish translation of We Can Be Friends for publication in Cuba.
In 1961, Carl Marzani attended a Williams College alumni reunion where fellow alumnus Richard Helms spoke.
Carl Marzani quoted from Helms' speech and subsequent discussions in a 1966 book, A Text for President X, that was never published, as both Helms and Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
Carl Marzani continued to correspond with his intelligence contacts as late as 1979, keeping abreast of their views of foreign affairs including the Iranian Revolution and developments in China.
Carl Marzani was still active in the early 1980's, going on a lecture tour to discuss his 1980 book, The Promise of Eurocommunism.
Carl Marzani's publishing career at an end, Marzani purchased four Manhattan brownstones which he renovated and rented, while residing in one of them.
Carl Marzani was one of the interviewees in Vivian Gornick's 1977 book, The Romance of American Communism.
Carl Marzani was the most integrated Communist I had met.
Carl Marzani had paid attention to the evidence of his senses.
For Carl Marzani, Marxism was a philosophic perspective, not a political doctrine.
In 1937, Carl Marzani married his first wife, Edith Eisner, an actress whose stage name was Edith Emerson.
Carl Marzani died age 82 on December 11,1994, in Manhattan.
In later years, Carl Marzani seems to have moved away from his Old Left roots.