30 Facts About Classical Hebrew

Biblical Classical Hebrew has been written with a number of different writing systems.

Biblical Classical Hebrew possessed a series of emphatic consonants whose precise articulation is disputed, likely ejective or pharyngealized.

The vowel system of Biblical Classical Hebrew changed over time and is reflected differently in the ancient Greek and Latin transcriptions, medieval vocalization systems, and modern reading traditions.

Biblical Classical Hebrew had a typical Semitic morphology with nonconcatenative morphology, arranging Semitic roots into patterns to form words.

Biblical Classical Hebrew distinguished two genders, three numbers (singular, plural, and uncommonly, dual).

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Archeological record for the prehistory of Biblical Classical Hebrew is far more complete than the record of Biblical Classical Hebrew itself.

The Northwest Semitic languages, including Classical Hebrew, differentiated noticeably during the Iron Age, although in its earliest stages Biblical Classical Hebrew was not highly differentiated from Ugaritic and the Canaanite of the Amarna letters.

Currently, Classical Hebrew is generally taught in public schools in Israel, and Biblical Hebrew forms are sometimes used in Modern Hebrew literature, much as archaic and biblical constructions are used in Modern English literature.

Epigraphic materials from the area of Israelite territory are written in a form of Classical Hebrew called Inscriptional Classical Hebrew, although this is meagerly attested.

Biblical Classical Hebrew is a Northwest Semitic language from the Canaanite subgroup.

Typical Canaanite words in Classical Hebrew include: "roof" "table" "window" "old" "old (person)" and "expel".

Morphological Canaanite features in Classical Hebrew include the masculine plural marker, first person singular pronoun, interrogative pronoun, definite article, and third person plural feminine verbal marker.

Biblical Classical Hebrew as preserved in the Classical Hebrew Bible is composed of multiple linguistic layers.

These additions were added after 600 CE; Classical Hebrew had already ceased being used as a spoken language around 200 CE.

The oldest known artifacts of Archaic Biblical Classical Hebrew are various sections of the Tanakh, including the Song of Moses and the Song of Deborah (Judges 5).

The modern Classical Hebrew alphabet, known as the Assyrian or Square script, is a descendant of the Aramaic alphabet.

In general the vowels of Biblical Classical Hebrew were not indicated in the original text, but various sources attest them at various stages of development.

In Samaritan Classical Hebrew, have generally all merged, either into, a glide or, or by vanishing completely, except that original sometimes have reflex before.

The following vowels are those reconstructed for the earliest stage of Classical Hebrew, those attested by the Secunda, those of the various vocalization traditions, and those of the Samaritan tradition, with vowels in some traditions color-coded.

The predominant final stress of Biblical Classical Hebrew was a result of loss of final unstressed vowels and a shift away from remaining open syllables.

Samaritan and Qumran Classical Hebrew have full vowels in place of the reduced vowels of Tiberian Classical Hebrew.

The ultimate stress of later traditions of Classical Hebrew usually resulted from the loss of final vowels in many words, preserving the location of proto-Semitic stress.

Medieval grammarians of Arabic and Classical Hebrew classified words as belonging to three parts of speech: Arabic ism, fi?l ('verb'), and harf ('particle'); other grammarians have included more categories.

Biblical Classical Hebrew has a typical Semitic morphology, characterized by the use of roots.

Biblical Classical Hebrew has two genders, masculine and feminine, which are reflected in nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs.

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Biblical Classical Hebrew has two sets of personal pronouns: the free-standing independent pronouns have a nominative function, while the pronominal suffixes are genitive or accusative.

Default word order in Biblical Classical Hebrew is commonly thought to be VSO, though one scholar has argued that this is due to the prevalence of clauses with a wayyiqtol verb form compared to other less marked forms that use SVO either more often or at least to a comparable degree.

In Biblical Classical Hebrew, possession is normally expressed with status constructus, a construction in which the possessed noun occurs in a phonologically reduced, "construct" form and is followed by the possessor noun in its normal, "absolute" form.

Biblical Classical Hebrew has two main conjugation types, the suffix conjugation, called the Perfect, and the prefix conjugation, called Imperfect.

Biblical Classical Hebrew tense is not necessarily reflected in the verb forms per se, but rather is determined primarily by context.