31 Facts About Cocaine

Cocaine is a stimulant drug obtained from the leaves of two Coca species native to South America, Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense.

Cocaine hydrochloride was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2020.

Cocaine can be in the form of fine white powder, bitter to the taste.

Cocaine's desired euphoric effects are delayed when snorted through the nose by about five minutes.

Cocaine is smoked by inhaling the vapor produced when free base cocaine is heated to the point of sublimation.

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Cocaine was ranked the 2nd in dependence and physical harm and 3rd in social harm.

Cocaine can induce psychosis characterized by paranoia, impaired reality testing, hallucinations, irritability, and physical aggression.

Cocaine use leads to an increased risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes.

Cocaine addiction occurs through ?FosB overexpression in the nucleus accumbens, which results in altered transcriptional regulation in neurons within the nucleus accumbens.

Cocaine use during pregnancy can affect a pregnant woman and her unborn baby in many ways.

Cocaine-exposed babies tend to have smaller heads, which generally reflect smaller brains.

Cocaine affects certain serotonin receptors; in particular, it has been shown to antagonize the 5-HT3 receptor, which is a ligand-gated ion channel.

Cocaine has been demonstrated to bind as to directly stabilize the DAT transporter on the open outward-facing conformation.

Cocaine's binding properties are such that it attaches so this hydrogen bond will not form and is blocked from formation due to the tightly locked orientation of the cocaine molecule.

Cocaine is known to suppress hunger and appetite by increasing co-localization of sigma s1R receptors and ghrelin GHS-R1a receptors at the neuronal cell surface, thereby increasing ghrelin-mediated signaling of satiety and possibly via other effects on appetitive hormones.

Cocaine in its purest form is a white, pearly product.

Cocaine appearing in powder form is a salt, typically cocaine hydrochloride.

Cocaine – a tropane alkaloid – is a weakly alkaline compound, and can therefore combine with acidic compounds to form salts.

Cocaine is the second most popular illegal recreational drug in Europe.

Cocaine is the second most popular illegal recreational drug in the United States and the U S is the world's largest consumer of cocaine.

Cocaine alkaloid was first isolated by the German chemist Friedrich Gaedcke in 1855.

Cocaine then submerged a frog's legs into the two jars, one leg in the treatment and one in the control solution, and proceeded to stimulate the legs in several different ways.

Cocaine proceeded to experiment on himself and upon his return to Milan, he wrote a paper in which he described the effects.

Cocaine was introduced into clinical use as a local anesthetic in Germany in 1884, about the same time as Sigmund Freud published his work Uber Coca, in which he wrote that cocaine causes:.

Cocaine promised that its cocaine products would "supply the place of food, make the coward brave, the silent eloquent and render the sufferer insensitive to pain.

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Cocaine uses the phrase "kicking the gong around", slang for cocaine use; describes titular character Minnie as "tall and skinny;" and describes Smokey Joe as "cokey".

Cocaine use is prevalent across all socioeconomic strata, including age, demographics, economic, social, political, religious, and livelihood.

Cocaine is a Schedule 8 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard.

In 1914, The New York Times published an article titled "Negro Cocaine 'Fiends' Are a New Southern Menace", portraying Black cocaine users as dangerous and able to withstand wounds that would normally be fatal.

Cocaine is carried in small, concealed, kilogram quantities across the border by couriers known as "mules", who cross a border either legally, for example, through a port or airport, or illegally elsewhere.

Cocaine is readily available in all major countries' metropolitan areas.