29 Facts About Cold fusion

Cold fusion is a hypothesized type of nuclear reaction that would occur at, or near, room temperature.

Presently, since articles about cold fusion are rarely published in peer-reviewed mainstream scientific journals, they do not attract the level of scrutiny expected for mainstream scientific publications.

Nevertheless, some interest in cold fusion has continued through the decades—for example, a Google-funded failed replication attempt was published in a 2019 issue of Nature.

Nuclear Cold fusion is normally understood to occur at temperatures in the tens of millions of degrees.

Since the 1920s, there has been speculation that nuclear Cold fusion might be possible at much lower temperatures by catalytically fusing hydrogen absorbed in a metal catalyst.

Related searches

In 1989, a claim by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann that such cold fusion had been observed caused a brief media sensation before the majority of scientists criticized their claim as incorrect after many found they could not replicate the excess heat.

Since the initial announcement, cold fusion research has continued by a small community of researchers who believe that such reactions happen and hope to gain wider recognition for their experimental evidence.

Cold fusion had not tried to measure any radiation and his research was derided by scientists who saw it later.

Cold fusion supporters continued to argue that the evidence for excess heat was strong, and in September 1990 the National Cold Fusion Institute listed 92 groups of researchers from 10 countries that had reported corroborating evidence of excess heat, but they refused to provide any evidence of their own arguing that it could endanger their patents.

Since the main controversy over Pons and Fleischmann had ended, cold fusion research has been funded by private and small governmental scientific investment funds in the United States, Italy, Japan, and India.

Cold fusion papers are almost never published in refereed scientific journals, with the result that those works don't receive the normal critical scrutiny that science requires.

Cold fusion researchers were asked to present a review document of all the evidence since the 1989 review.

In February 2012, millionaire Sidney Kimmel, convinced that cold fusion was worth investing in by a 19 April 2009 interview with physicist Robert Duncan on the US news show 60 Minutes, made a grant of $5.

One of the main criticisms of cold fusion was that deuteron-deuteron fusion into helium was expected to result in the production of gamma rays—which were not observed and were not observed in subsequent cold fusion experiments.

Cold fusion researchers have since claimed to find X-rays, helium, neutrons and nuclear transmutations.

However, the reduction in separation is not enough to create the Cold fusion rates claimed in the original experiment, by a factor of ten.

Conventional deuteron Cold fusion is a two-step process, in which an unstable high-energy intermediary is formed:.

Cold fusion setups utilize an input power source, a platinum group electrode, a deuterium or hydrogen source, a calorimeter, and, at times, detectors to look for byproducts such as helium or neutrons.

The claims of cold fusion are unusual in that even the strongest proponents of cold fusion assert that the experiments, for unknown reasons, are not consistent and reproducible at the present time.

Cold fusion tried to publish his theoretical paper "Cold Fusion: A Hypothesis" in Physical Review Letters, but the peer reviewers rejected it so harshly that he felt deeply insulted, and he resigned from the American Physical Society in protest.

Journal of Fusion Technology established a permanent feature in 1990 for cold fusion papers, publishing over a dozen papers per year and giving a mainstream outlet for cold fusion researchers.

Decline of publications in cold fusion has been described as a "failed information epidemic".

Cold fusion reports continued to be published in a few journals like Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Il Nuovo Cimento.

Cold fusion researchers were for many years unable to get papers accepted at scientific meetings, prompting the creation of their own conferences.

The International Conference on Cold Fusion was first held in 1990 and has met every 12 to 18 months since.

Related searches

Cold fusion research is often referenced by proponents as "low-energy nuclear reactions", or LENR, but according to sociologist Bart Simon the "cold fusion" label continues to serve a social function in creating a collective identity for the field.

In general USPTO rejections on the sole grounds of the invention's being "inoperative" are rare, since such rejections need to demonstrate "proof of total incapacity", and cases where those rejections are upheld in a Federal Court are even rarer: nevertheless, in 2000, a rejection of a cold fusion patent was appealed in a Federal Court and it was upheld, in part on the grounds that the inventor was unable to establish the utility of the invention.

However, the general public perceives a patent as a stamp of approval, and a holder of three cold fusion patents said the patents were very valuable and had helped in getting investments.

In Series 8 Episode 7 of New Tricks, The Gentleman Vanishes, cold fusion is a topic of the investigation the UCOS team does in that episode.