Emperor Theodosius held independent command in Moesia in 374, where he had some success against the invading Sarmatians.
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Emperor Theodosius held independent command in Moesia in 374, where he had some success against the invading Sarmatians.
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In 386, Emperor Theodosius signed a treaty with the Sasanian Empire which partitioned the long-disputed Kingdom of Armenia and secured a durable peace between the two powers.
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Emperor Theodosius was a strong adherent of the Christian doctrine of consubstantiality and an opponent of Arianism.
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Emperor Theodosius convened a council of bishops at Constantinople in 381 which confirmed the former as orthodoxy and the latter as a heresy.
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Emperor Theodosius sponsored several measures to improve his capital and main residence, Constantinople, most notably his expansion of the Forum Tauri, which became the biggest public square known in antiquity.
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Emperor Theodosius was said to have been a diligent administrator, austere in his habits, merciful, and a devout Christian.
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For centuries after his death, Emperor Theodosius was regarded as a champion of Christian orthodoxy who decisively stamped out paganism.
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Emperor Theodosius is fairly credited with presiding over a revival in classical art that some historians have termed a "Theodosian renaissance".
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Emperor Theodosius has received criticism for defending his own dynastic interests at the cost of two civil wars.
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The descendants of Emperor Theodosius ruled the Roman world for the next six decades, and the east–west division endured until the fall of the Western Empire in the late 5th century.
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Emperor Theodosius's father, called Theodosius, was a successful and high-ranking general under the western Roman emperor Valentinian I, and his mother was called Thermantia.
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One modern historian instead thinks Emperor Theodosius must have grown up among the army, participating in his father's campaigns throughout the provinces, as was customary at the time for families with a tradition of military service.
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One source says he received a decent education and developed a particular interest in history, which Emperor Theodosius then valued as a guide to his own conduct throughout life.
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Emperor Theodosius implemented stern and desperate recruiting measures, resorting to the conscription of farmers and miners.
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Emperor Theodosius admitted large numbers of non-Roman auxiliaries into the army, even Gothic deserters from beyond the Danube.
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Emperor Theodosius brokered a peace agreement between Valentinian and Magnus Maximus which endured for several years.
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Emperor Theodosius's died at Scotumis in Thrace and was buried at Constantinople, her funeral oration delivered by Gregory of Nyssa.
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Galla and Emperor Theodosius's first child, a son named Gratian, was born in 388 or 389.
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Bowersock and authors Stephen Williams and Gerard Friell, think that Emperor Theodosius ordered the massacre in an excess of "volcanic anger".
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Washburn says the image of the mitered prelate braced in the door of the cathedral in Milan blocking Emperor Theodosius from entering is a product of the imagination of Theodoret who wrote of the events of 390 "using his own ideology to fill the gaps in the historical record".
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Emperor Theodosius observes that the documents revealing the relationship between these two formidable men do not show the personal friendship the legends portray.
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In 391, Theodosius left his trusted general Arbogast, who had served in the Balkans after Adrianople, to be magister militum for the Western emperor Valentinian II, while Theodosius attempted to rule the entire empire from Constantinople.
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Emperor Theodosius had to carry on governing without the ability to issue edicts and rescripts from a legitimate acclaimed emperor.
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At least two embassies went to Emperor Theodosius to explain events, one of them Christian in make-up, but they received ambivalent replies, and were sent home without achieving their goals.
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Emperor Theodosius was interred in a porphyry sarcophagus that was described in the 10th century by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in his work De Ceremoniis.
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The Forum Tauri in Constantinople was renamed and redecorated as the Forum of Emperor Theodosius, including a column and a triumphal arch in his honour.
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In 390, Emperor Theodosius oversaw the removal of the other to Constantinople.
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Emperor Theodosius had just been baptized, by bishop Ascholius of Thessalonica, during a severe illness.
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Emperor Theodosius seems to have adopted a cautious policy toward traditional non-Christian cults, reiterating his Christian predecessors' bans on animal sacrifice, divination, and apostasy, while allowing other pagan practices to be performed publicly and temples to remain open.
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Emperor Theodosius voiced his support for the preservation of temple buildings, but nonetheless failed to prevent the damaging of many holy sites, images and objects of piety by Christian zealots, some including even his own officials.
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Emperor Theodosius turned pagan holidays into workdays, but the festivals associated with them continued.
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Emperor Theodosius nominated the last pair of pagan consuls in Roman history in 391.
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Emperor Theodosius officially supported temple preservation, but Garth Fowden says Cynegius did not limit himself to Emperor Theodosius' official policy, but instead, commissioned temple destruction on a wide scale, even employing the military under his command for this purpose.
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For example, Malalas claimed Constantine destroyed all the temples, then he said Emperor Theodosius did, then he said Constantine converted them all to churches.
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