Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi was an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary and republican.
94 Facts About Giuseppe Garibaldi
2.
Giuseppe Garibaldi contributed to Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy.
3.
Giuseppe Garibaldi is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland", along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini.
4.
Giuseppe Garibaldi was a follower of the Italian nationalist Mazzini and embraced the republican nationalism of the Young Italy movement.
5.
Giuseppe Garibaldi became a supporter of Italian unification under a democratic republican government.
6.
Giuseppe Garibaldi became involved in the Uruguayan Civil War, raising an Italian force known as Redshirts, and is still celebrated as an important contributor to Uruguay's reconstitution.
7.
In 1848, Giuseppe Garibaldi returned to Italy and commanded and fought in military campaigns that eventually led to Italian unification.
8.
Giuseppe Garibaldi became an international figurehead for national independence and republican ideals, and is considered by the twentieth-century historiography and popular culture as Italy's greatest national hero.
9.
Giuseppe Garibaldi was showered with admiration and praise by many contemporary intellectuals and political figures, including Abraham Lincoln, William Brown, Francesco de Sanctis, Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, Malwida von Meysenbug, George Sand, Charles Dickens, and Friedrich Engels.
10.
Giuseppe Garibaldi inspired later figures like Jawaharlal Nehru and Che Guevara.
11.
Giuseppe Garibaldi participated actively in the Nizzardo Italians community and was certified in 1832 as a merchant navy captain.
12.
Giuseppe Garibaldi lived in Pera district of Constantinople from 1828 to 1832.
13.
Giuseppe Garibaldi became an instructor and taught Italian, French and mathematics.
14.
Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the society and took an oath dedicating himself to the struggle to liberate and unify his homeland from Austrian dominance.
15.
In November 1833, Giuseppe Garibaldi met Mazzini in Genoa, starting a long relationship that later became troubled.
16.
Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the Carbonari revolutionary association, and in February 1834 participated in a failed Mazzinian insurrection in Piedmont.
17.
Giuseppe Garibaldi first sailed to the Beylik of Tunis before eventually finding his way to the Empire of Brazil.
18.
Giuseppe Garibaldi aligned his forces with the Uruguayan Colorados led by Fructuoso Rivera and Joaquin Suarez, who were aligned with the Argentine Unitarian Party.
19.
Between 1842 and 1848, Giuseppe Garibaldi defended Montevideo against forces led by Oribe.
20.
Giuseppe Garibaldi escaped with his life after being defeated in the Costa Brava combat, delivered on 15 and 16 August 1842, thanks to the mercy of Admiral William Brown.
21.
Giuseppe Garibaldi joined Freemasonry during his exile, taking advantage of the asylum the lodges offered to political refugees from European countries.
22.
At the age of 37, during 1844, Giuseppe Garibaldi was initiated in the L' Asil de la Vertud Lodge of Montevideo.
23.
Giuseppe Garibaldi was eventually elected as the Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy.
24.
Giuseppe Garibaldi regularized his position later in 1844, joining the lodge Les Amis de la Patrie of Montevideo under the Grand Orient of France.
25.
When news of these reforms reached Montevideo, Giuseppe Garibaldi wrote to the Pope:.
26.
In 1847, Giuseppe Garibaldi offered the apostolic nuncio at Rio de Janeiro, Bedini, the service of his Italian Legion for the liberation of the peninsula.
27.
Giuseppe Garibaldi returned to Italy amidst the turmoil of the revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states and was one of the founders and leaders of the Action Party.
28.
Giuseppe Garibaldi offered his services to Charles Albert of Sardinia, who displayed some liberal inclinations, but he treated Giuseppe Garibaldi with coolness and distrust.
29.
At Mazzini's urging, Giuseppe Garibaldi took command of the defence of Rome.
30.
On 30 April 1849, the Republican army, under Giuseppe Garibaldi's command, defeated a numerically far superior French army at the Porta San Pancrazio gate of Rome.
31.
Giuseppe Garibaldi, having entered the chamber covered in blood, made a speech favouring the third option, ending with: Ovunque noi saremo, sara Roma.
32.
Giuseppe Garibaldi eventually managed to reach Porto Venere, near La Spezia, but the Piedmontese government forced him to emigrate again.
33.
Giuseppe Garibaldi went to Tangier, where he stayed with Francesco Carpanetto, a wealthy Italian merchant.
34.
Giuseppe Garibaldi agreed, feeling that his political goals were, for the moment, unreachable, and he could at least earn a living.
35.
Giuseppe Garibaldi went to New York City, arriving on 30 July 1850.
36.
Giuseppe Garibaldi attended the Masonic lodges of New York in 1850, where he met several supporters of democratic internationalism, whose minds were open to socialist thought, and to giving Freemasonry a strong anti-papal stance.
37.
Giuseppe Garibaldi was not satisfied with this, and in April 1851 he left New York with his friend Carpanetto for Central America, where Carpanetto was establishing business operations.
38.
Giuseppe Garibaldi took the Carmen to the Chincha Islands for a load of guano.
39.
Giuseppe Garibaldi visited Three Hummock Island in the Bass Strait.
40.
Giuseppe Garibaldi then took the Carmen on a second voyage: to the United States via Cape Horn with copper from Chile, and wool.
41.
Giuseppe Garibaldi arrived in Boston and went on to New York.
42.
Figari and Giuseppe Garibaldi bought the Commonwealth in Baltimore, and Giuseppe Garibaldi left New York for the last time in November 1853.
43.
Giuseppe Garibaldi sailed the Commonwealth to London, and then to Newcastle upon Tyne for coal.
44.
Giuseppe Garibaldi stayed in Huntingdon Place Tynemouth for a few days, and in South Shields on Tyneside for over a month, departing at the end of April 1854.
45.
Giuseppe Garibaldi then sailed to Genoa, where his five years of exile ended on 10 May 1854.
46.
Giuseppe Garibaldi was appointed major general and formed a volunteer unit named the Hunters of the Alps.
47.
Giuseppe Garibaldi was very displeased as his home city of Nice had been surrendered to the French in return for crucial military assistance.
48.
Immediately after the wedding ceremony, she informed him that she was pregnant with another man's child and Giuseppe Garibaldi left her the same day.
49.
Giuseppe Garibaldi saw that the hill was terraced, and the terraces would shelter his advancing men.
50.
Giuseppe Garibaldi himself had no interest in social revolution and instead sided with the Sicilian landlords against the rioting peasants.
51.
Giuseppe Garibaldi gained worldwide renown and the adulation of Italians.
52.
Giuseppe Garibaldi chose to hand over all his territorial gains in the south to the Piedmontese and withdrew to Caprera and temporary retirement.
53.
Giuseppe Garibaldi deeply disliked the Sardinian Prime Minister, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour.
54.
On 9 September 1861, Sanford met with Giuseppe Garibaldi and reported the result of the meeting to Seward:.
55.
Sanford's mission was hopeless, and Giuseppe Garibaldi did not join the Union army.
56.
On 5 October 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi set up the International Legion bringing together different national divisions of French, Poles, Swiss, Germans and other nationalities, with a view not just of finishing the liberation of Italy, but of their homelands.
57.
Nonetheless, Giuseppe Garibaldi believed he had the secret support of his government.
58.
Giuseppe Garibaldi arrived with a force of around two thousand, but the garrison proved loyal to the king's instructions and barred his passage.
59.
Many of the volunteers were taken prisoner, including Giuseppe Garibaldi, who had been wounded by a shot in the foot.
60.
Giuseppe Garibaldi's venture had failed, but he was consoled by Europe's sympathy and continued interest.
61.
Giuseppe Garibaldi met the British Prime Minister Viscount Palmerston, as well as revolutionaries then living in exile in the city.
62.
Giuseppe Garibaldi visited Bedford and was given a tour of the Britannia Iron Works, where he planted a tree.
63.
Giuseppe Garibaldi took up arms again in 1866, this time with the full support of the Italian government.
64.
Giuseppe Garibaldi gathered again his Hunters of the Alps, now some 40,000 strong, and led them into the Trentino.
65.
Giuseppe Garibaldi defeated the Austrians at Bezzecca, and made for Trento.
66.
Giuseppe Garibaldi was shot in the leg in the Battle of Mentana, and had to withdraw from the Papal territory.
67.
Subsequently, Giuseppe Garibaldi went to France and assumed command of the Army of the Vosges, an army of volunteers.
68.
Giuseppe Garibaldi began organizing a Congress of Unity, which was supported by many of the radical, free-thinking, and socialist groups throughout Italy such as La Plebe.
69.
Giuseppe Garibaldi had long claimed an interest in a vague ethical socialism such as that advanced by Henri Saint-Simon and saw the struggle for liberty as an international affair, one which "does not make any distinction between the African and the American, the European and the Asian, and therefore proclaims the fraternity of all men whatever nation they belong to".
70.
Giuseppe Garibaldi interpreted the International Workingmen's Association as an extension of the humanitarian ideals for which he had always fought.
71.
Giuseppe Garibaldi now broke definitively with Mazzini, and this time he moved to the left of him.
72.
Giuseppe Garibaldi came out entirely in favour of the Paris Commune and internationalism, and his stance brought him much closer to the younger radicals, especially Felice Cavallotti, and gave him a new lease on political life.
73.
In 1879, Giuseppe Garibaldi founded the League of Democracy, along with Cavallotti, Alberto Mario and Agostino Bertani, which reiterated his support for universal suffrage, abolition of ecclesiastical property, the legal and political emancipation of women and a plan of public works to improve the Roman countryside that was completed.
74.
Giuseppe Garibaldi descended like a wolf, passing the Bosphorus, devastating, murdering, and violating those populations who gave us the Pelasgi, who were, perhaps, the first civilisers of Europe.
75.
Ill and confined to bed by arthritis, Giuseppe Garibaldi made trips to Calabria and Sicily.
76.
On his deathbed, Giuseppe Garibaldi asked for his bed to be moved to where he could view the sea.
77.
Giuseppe Garibaldi was buried in his farm on the island of Caprera alongside his last wife and some of his children.
78.
Giuseppe Garibaldi served as a global exemplar of mid-19th century revolutionary liberalism and nationalism.
79.
Giuseppe Garibaldi's acclaim stretched across Europe with his name revered in Britain to America and France, the tale of an Italian vagabond trekking the South American plains from battle to battle with his pregnant wife in tow, and then returning home and for the love of his homeland forsaking his ambition of making Italy a republic.
80.
Giuseppe Garibaldi's exploits became legendary, and when he toured Britain in his older days he was received as a hero.
81.
Giuseppe Garibaldi subscribed to the anti-clericalism common among Latin liberals and did much to circumscribe the temporal power of the Papacy.
82.
At the height of glory, Giuseppe Garibaldi was perhaps the most famous person in Italy.
83.
Giuseppe Garibaldi's name was much more famous than that of Cavour and Mazzini, and many more people would have heard of him than Verdi or Manzoni.
84.
Abroad, Giuseppe Garibaldi symbolized the Risorgimento Italy of those dramatic years and the intrepid audacity that contributed so much to the formation of the Italian nation.
85.
For Trevelyan, Giuseppe Garibaldi was the champion of freedom, progress, and tolerance, who vanquished the despotism, reaction, and obscurantism of the Austrian empire and the Neapolitan monarchy.
86.
Giuseppe Garibaldi's face was originally turned in the direction of the Vatican, but after the Lateran Treaty in 1929 the orientation of the statue was changed at the Vatican's request.
87.
Also, a bust of Giuseppe Garibaldi is prominently placed outside the entrance to the old Supreme Court Chamber in the United States Capitol Building in Washington, DC, a gift from members of the Italian Society of Washington.
88.
The Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy is a rugby union trophy awarded to the winner of the annual Six Nations Championship match between France and Italy.
89.
The Giuseppe Garibaldi biscuit was named after him, as was a style of beard.
90.
Giuseppe Garibaldi is a name of a cocktail made of orange juice and Campari.
91.
Giuseppe Garibaldi is a major character in two juvenile historical novels by Geoffrey Trease: Follow My Black Plume and A Thousand for Sicily.
92.
Giuseppe Garibaldi appears in the novels Heart by Edmondo De Amicis and Fire on the Mountain by Terry Bisson.
93.
Giuseppe Garibaldi is played by Thiago Lacerda in the 2003 Brazilian miniseries A Casa das Sete Mulheres and by Giorgio Pasotti in the 2012 miniseries Anita Garibaldi.
94.
Giuseppe Garibaldi had asked for financing and volunteers from around the world as he launched his Redshirts in July 1860 to invade Sicily and conquer the Kingdom of Naples for annexation to what would finally become the newly born Kingdom of Italy with King Victor Emmanuel II.