GSK plc, formerly GlaxoSmithKline plc, is a British multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company with global headquarters in London, England.
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Legacy products developed at GSK plc include several listed in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, such as amoxicillin, mercaptopurine, pyrimethamine and zidovudine.
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GSK plc began to expand globally, buying seven laboratories in Canada and the United States in 1969.
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GSK plc completed the acquisition of New Jersey-based Block Drug in 2001, for.
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In 2006, GSK plc acquired the US-based consumer healthcare company CNS Inc, whose products included Breathe Right nasal strips and FiberChoice dietary supplements, for US$566million in cash.
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In 2009, GSK plc acquired Stiefel Laboratories, then the world's largest independent dermatology drug company, for.
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In 2013, GSK plc acquired Human Genome Sciences for US$3billion; the companies had collaborated on developing the lupus drug Belimumab, albiglutide for type 2 diabetes, and darapladib for atherosclerosis, and in September, sold its beverage division to Suntory.
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In March 2014, GSK plc paid US$1billion to raise its stake in its Indian pharmaceutical unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, to 75 percent as part of a move to focus on emerging markets.
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In February 2015, GSK plc announced that it would acquire GlycoVaxyn, a Swiss pharmaceutical company, for US$190million, and in June that year that it would sell two meningitis drugs to Pfizer, Nimenrix and Mencevax for around US$130million.
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On 3 December 2018, GSK plc announced that Unilever would acquire the Indian-listed GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare business for US$3.
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In October 2019, GSK plc agreed to sell its rabies vaccine, RabAvert, and its tick-borne encephalitis vaccine, Encepur, to Bavarian Nordic for US$1.
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In March 2018, GSK plc announced that it has reached an agreement with Novartis to acquire Novartis's 36.
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In December 2018, GSK plc announced that it, along with Pfizer, had reached an agreement to merge and combine their consumer healthcare divisions into a single entity.
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The deal builds on an earlier 2018 deal where GSK plc bought out Novartis' stake in the GSK plc-Novartis consumer healthcare joint business.
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Culmination of the Consumer Healthcare string of deals will result in GSK plc splitting into two separate companies, via a demerger and subsequent listing of the joint venture.
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On 22 February 2022, GSK plc announced that the spin-off consumer healthcare company will be called Haleon.
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In May 2022, GSK plc announced it would acquire Affinivax and its phase II 24-valent pneumococcal vaccine candidate for up to $3.
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In 2014, GSK plc applied for regulatory approval for the first malaria vaccine.
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GSK plc has committed to making the vaccine available in developing countries for five percent above the cost of production.
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GSK plc previously owned the Lucozade and Ribena brands of soft drinks, but they were sold in 2013, to Suntory for £1.
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In September 2019, GSK plc announced it would acquire Sitari Pharmaceuticals and its transglutaminase 2 small molecule program for the treatment of celiac disease.
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GSK plc has been active, with the World Health Organization, in the Global Alliance to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis .
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Medecins Sans Frontieres welcomed the decision, but criticized GSK plc for failing to include HIV patents in its patent pool and for not including middle-income countries in the initiative.
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In 2013, GSK plc licensed its HIV portfolio to the Medicines Patent Pool for use in children, and agreed to negotiate a license for dolutegravir, an integrase inhibitor then in clinical development.
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Also in 2013 GSK plc joined AllTrials, a British campaign to ensure that all clinical trials are registered and the results reported.
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GSK plc said it would make its past clinical-trial reports available and future ones within a year of the studies' end.
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In 2001, the British Advertising Standards Authority required GSK plc to withdraw its claim that Ribena Toothkind, a lower-sugar variety, did not encourage tooth decay.
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In 2010, the US Department of Justice announced that GSK plc would pay a US$150million criminal fine and forfeiture, and a civil settlement of US$600million under the False Claims Act.
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In July 2012, GSK plc pleaded guilty in the United States to criminal charges, and agreed to pay US$3billion, in what was the largest settlement until then between the Justice Department and a drug company.
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GSK plc set up a ghostwriting programme called CASPPER, initially to produce articles about Paxil but which was extended to cover Avandia.
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The Justice Department said GSK plc had promoted rosiglitazone to physicians with misleading information, including that it conferred cardiovascular benefits despite an FDA-mandated label warning of cardiovascular risks.
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GSK plc threatened to sue him, called his university head of department, and persuaded him to sign a retraction.
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GSK plc raised questions internally about the drug's safety in 2000, and in 2002, the company ghostwrote an article in Circulation describing a GSK plc funded clinical trial that suggested rosiglitazone might have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk.
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GSK plc had reportedly tried to persuade one of the authors, Steven Nissen, not to publish it, after receiving an advance copy from one of the journal's peer reviewers, a GSK plc consultant.
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GSK plc conducted nine clinical trials between 1994, and 2002, none of which showed that Paxil helped children with depression.
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GSK plc paid doctors to promote these off-label uses, and set up supposedly independent advisory boards and Continuing Medical Education programmes.
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In 2006, in the United States GSK plc settled the largest tax dispute in IRS history, agreeing to pay US$3.
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In October 2020, GSK plc told some staff that while at work they should disable the contact tracing function of the NHS test-and-trace app which monitors the spread of COVID-19.
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GSK plc explained the reason for this was due to social distancing measures in place at their sites rendering the technology unnecessary.
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