11 Facts About Hard labour

Penal labour is a term for various kinds of forced labour which prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour.

Forms of sentence involving penal labour have included involuntary servitude, penal servitude, and imprisonment with hard labour.

Large-scale implementations of penal Hard labour include Hard labour camps, prison farms, penal colonies, penal military units, penal transportation, or aboard prison ships.

Punitive labour, known as convict labour, prison labour, or hard labour, is a form of forced labour used in both past and present as an additional form of punishment beyond imprisonment alone.

Semi-punitive Hard labour included oakum-picking: teasing apart old tarry rope to make caulking material for sailing vessels.

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Imprisonment with hard labour was first introduced into English law with the Criminal Law Act 1776, known as the "Hulks Act", which authorised prisoners being put to work on improving the navigation of the River Thames in lieu of transportation to the North American colonies, which had become impossible due to the American War of Independence.

Prison Hard labour then specialised in the production of goods sold to government departments, or in small low-skilled manual Hard labour.

Prisoners in Soviet Hard labour camps were sometimes worked to death with a mix of extreme production quotas, brutality, hunger and the harsh elements.

Penal Hard labour is sometimes used as a punishment in the US military.

The prison Hard labour industry makes over $1 billion per year selling products that inmates make, while inmates are paid very little or nothing in return.

Goods produced through this penal Hard labour are regulated through the Ashurst-Sumners Act which criminalises the interstate transport of such goods.