30 Facts About Harlem

Harlem is a neighborhood in Upper Manhattan, New York City.

The greater Harlem area encompasses several other neighborhoods and extends west and north to 155th Street, east to the East River, and south to Martin Luther King Jr.

Harlem's history has been defined by a series of economic boom-and-bust cycles, with significant population shifts accompanying each cycle.

Harlem was predominantly occupied by Jewish and Italian Americans in the 19th century, but African-American residents began to arrive in large numbers during the Great Migration in the 20th century.

The greater Harlem area includes Manhattan Community Districts 9 and 11 and several police precincts, while fire services are provided by four New York City Fire Department companies.

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Harlem is located in Upper Manhattan, often referred to as "Uptown" by locals.

Central Harlem is the name of Harlem proper; it falls under Manhattan Community District 10.

The settlement of Harlem was formally incorporated in 1660 under the leadership of Peter Stuyvesant.

In 1964, residents of Harlem staged two school boycotts to call attention to the problem.

Harlem lacked any permanent performance space until the creation of the Gatehouse Theater in an old Croton aqueduct building on 135th Street in 2006.

The Girls Choir of Harlem was founded in 1989, and closed with the Boys Choir.

Harlem is home to the largest African American Day Parade, which celebrates the culture of African diaspora in America.

Harlem is the birthplace of popular hip-hop dances such as the Harlem shake, toe wop, and Chicken Noodle Soup.

Especially in the years before World War II, Harlem produced popular Christian charismatic "cult" leaders, including George Wilson Becton and Father Divine.

Mosques in Harlem include the Masjid Malcolm Shabazz, the Mosque of Islamic Brotherhood and Masjid Aqsa.

Many places in Harlem are official city landmarks labeled by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission or are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:.

Harlem suffers from unemployment rates generally more than twice the citywide average, as well as high poverty rates.

Central Harlem was deemed 'hazardous' and residents living in Central Harlem were refused home loans or other investments.

East Harlem originally formed as a predominantly Italian American neighborhood.

Central Harlem is patrolled by two precincts of the New York City Police Department .

At the time of the 1964 riots, the drug addiction rate in Harlem was ten times higher than the New York City average, and twelve times higher than the United States as a whole.

Central Harlem is served by four New York City Fire Department fire stations:.

Central Harlem has a low population of residents who are uninsured.

Population health of Central Harlem is closely linked to influential social factors on health, known as social determinants of health, and the impact of structural racism on the neighborhood.

Additionally, the health of Central Harlem residents are linked to their experience of racism.

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In 2014, Central Harlem tracked worse in regards to home maintenance conditions, compared to the average rates Manhattan and New York City.

Central Harlem generally has a similar rate of college-educated residents to the rest of the city as of 2018.

Harlem has a high rate of charter school enrollment: a fifth of students were enrolled in charter schools in 2010.

Phase 2 of the Second Avenue Subway is planned to serve East Harlem, with stops at 106th Street, 116th Street, and Harlem–125th Street.

Harlem is served by numerous local bus routes operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations:.