18 Facts About Haussmannization

Haussmannization began work on a canal to bring fresh water to the city and began work on the Rue de Rivoli, beginning at the Place de la Concorde, but was able to extend it only to the Louvre before his downfall.

Haussmannization constructed new sewers, though they still emptied directly into the Seine, and a better water supply system.

Haussmannization constructed 180 kilometres of sidewalks, a new street, rue Lobau; a new bridge over the Seine, the pont Louis-Philippe; and cleared an open space around the Hotel de Ville.

Haussmannization built a new street the length of the Ile de la Cite and three additional streets across it: rue d'Arcole, rue de la Cite and rue Constantine.

Haussmannization did not have the power to easily expropriate property to build new streets, and the first law which required minimum health standards for Paris residential buildings was not passed until April 1850, under Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, then president of the Second French Republic.

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Haussmannization was elected largely because of his famous name, but because of his promise to try to end poverty and improve the lives of ordinary people.

Haussmannization had been especially impressed by London, with its wide streets, squares and large public parks.

Haussmannization proposed the completion of the rue de Rivoli from the Louvre to the Hotel de Ville, completing the project begun by his uncle Napoleon Bonaparte, and he began a project which would transform the Bois de Boulogne into a large new public park, modelled after Hyde Park in London but much larger, on the west side of the city.

Haussmannization wanted both these projects to be completed before the end of his term in 1852, but became frustrated by the slow progress made by his prefect of the Seine, Jean-Jacques Berger.

Haussmannization wanted to run for re-election in 1852, but was blocked by the new Constitution, which limited him to one term.

Haussmannization became Prefect of the Seine on 22 June 1853, and on 29 June, the Emperor showed him the map of Paris and instructed Haussmann to aerer, unifier, et embellir Paris: to give it air and open space, to connect and unify the different parts of the city into one whole, and to make it more beautiful.

Haussmannization intended to build a network of wide boulevards to connect the interior of Paris with the ring of grand boulevards built by Louis XVIII during the restoration, and to the new railroad stations which Napoleon III considered the real gates of the city.

Haussmannization only needed the approval of the city council to raise this new sum, and, like the voucher scheme, the securities were not included in the city's official debt obligations.

Haussmannization bought six churches which had been purchased by private individuals during the French Revolution.

Haussmannization treated buildings not as independent structures, but as pieces of a unified urban landscape.

Haussmannization required, using a decree from 1852, that the facades of all buildings be regularly maintained, repainted, or cleaned, at least every ten years.

Haussmannization was blamed for reducing the amount of housing available for low income families, forcing low-income Parisians to move from the center to the outer neighborhoods of the city, where rents were lower.

Haussmannization's defenders noted that Napoleon III and Haussmann made a special point to build an equal number of new boulevards, new sewers, water supplies, hospitals, schools, squares, parks and gardens in the working class eastern arrondissements as they did in the western neighborhoods.