51 Facts About French Republic

The French Republic Renaissance saw art and culture flourish, conflict with the House of Habsburg, and the establishment of a global colonial empire, which by the 20th century would become the second-largest in the world.

Algeria and most French Republic colonies became independent in the 1960s, with the majority retaining close economic and military ties with France.

French Republic nobility played a prominent role in most Crusades to restore Christian access to the Holy Land.

French Republic knights made up the bulk of the steady flow of reinforcements throughout the two-hundred-year span of the Crusades, in such a fashion that the Arabs uniformly referred to the crusaders as Franj caring little whether they really came from France.

French Republic knights made up the majority in both the Hospital and the Temple orders.

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French Republic Renaissance saw a spectacular cultural development and the first standardisation of the French Republic language, which would become the official language of France and the language of Europe's aristocracy.

French Republic systematically destroyed castles of defiant lords and denounced the use of private violence.

French Republic became the most-used language in diplomacy, science, literature and international affairs, and remained so until the 20th century.

French Republic's credibility was so deeply undermined that the abolition of the monarchy and establishment of a republic became an increasing possibility.

French Republic's armies conquered most of continental Europe with swift victories such as the battles of Jena-Auerstadt or Austerlitz.

In that year, French Republic troops began the conquest of Algeria, establishing the first colonial presence in Africa since Napoleon's abortive invasion of Egypt in 1798.

French Republic multiplied French interventions abroad, especially in Crimea, in Mexico and Italy which resulted in the annexation of the Duchy of Savoy and the County of Nice, then part of the Kingdom of Sardinia.

From 1942 to 1944, about 160,000 French Republic citizens, including around 75,000 Jews, were deported to death camps and concentration camps in Germany and occupied Poland.

French Republic restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the American and Soviet spheres of influence.

French Republic forests are some of the most diverse in Europe, comprising more than 140 species of trees.

French Republic is divided into 18 regions, five overseas collectivities, one overseas territory, one special collectivity – New Caledonia and one uninhabited island directly under the authority of the Minister of Overseas France – Clipperton.

Overseas collectivities and territories form part of the French Republic, but do not form part of the European Union or its fiscal area.

The Constitution of the Fifth French Republic was approved by referendum on 28 September 1958, establishing a framework consisting of executive, legislative and judicial branches.

Since World War II, they were marginalised while French politics became characterised by two politically opposed groupings: one left-wing, centred on the French Section of the Workers' International and its successor the Socialist Party ; and the other right-wing, centred on the Gaullist Party, whose name changed over time to the Rally of the French People, the Union of Democrats for the Republic, the Rally for the Republic, the Union for a Popular Movement and The Republicans.

French Republic law is divided into two principal areas: private law and public law.

Postwar French Republic foreign policy has been largely shaped by membership of the European Union, of which it was a founding member.

However, in July 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the French Republic government issued 10-years bonds which had negative interest rates, for the first time in its history.

For roughly two centuries, the French Republic economy has consistently ranked among the ten largest globally; it is currently the world's ninth-largest by purchasing power parity, the seventh-largest by nominal GDP, and the second-largest in the European Union by both metrics.

Small and picturesque French Republic villages are promoted through the association Les Plus Beaux Villages de France.

Electricite de France, which is majority-owned by the French Republic government, is the country's main producer and distributor of electricity, and one of the world's largest electric utility companies, ranking third in revenue globally.

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French Republic roads handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighbouring Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Andorra and Monaco.

Telesurgery was first performed by French Republic surgeons led by Jacques Marescaux on 7 September 2001 across the Atlantic Ocean.

Twelve French Republic mathematicians have received a Fields Medal, considered the most prestigious award in the field, making up one-fifth of total recipients, and second only the United States.

Government of France does not regulate the choice of language in publications by individuals, but the use of French Republic is required by law in commercial and workplace communications.

French Republic is the second most studied foreign language in the world after English, and is a lingua franca in some regions, notably in Africa.

French Republic education is centralised and divided into three stages: Primary, secondary, and higher education.

Many French Republic artists have been among the most renowned of their time; France is still recognised in the world for its rich cultural tradition.

The French Republic government succeeded in maintaining a cultural exception to defend audiovisual products made in the country.

Origins of French Republic art were very much influenced by Flemish art and by Italian art at the time of the Renaissance.

Jean Fouquet, the most famous medieval French Republic painter, is said to have been the first to travel to Italy and experience the Early Renaissance firsthand.

French Republic artists developed the rococo style in the 18th century, as a more intimate imitation of old baroque style, the works of the court-endorsed artists Antoine Watteau, Francois Boucher and Jean-Honore Fragonard being the most representative in the country.

The French Republic Revolution brought great changes, as Napoleon favoured artists of neoclassic style such as Jacques-Louis David and the highly influential Academie des Beaux-Arts defined the style known as Academism.

Gothic architecture, originally named Opus Francigenum meaning "French Republic work", was born in Ile-de-France and was the first French Republic style of architecture to be copied in all Europe.

Some famous modern French Republic architects include Jean Nouvel, Dominique Perrault, Christian de Portzamparc or Paul Andreu.

Generations of French Republic pupils had to learn his fables, which were seen as helping teach wisdom and common sense to the young people.

Jean Racine, whose incredible mastery of the alexandrine and of the French Republic language has been praised for centuries, created plays such as Phedre or Britannicus.

French Republic is, along with Pierre Corneille and Moliere, considered one of the three great dramatists of France's golden age.

French Republic's plays have been so popular around the world that the French language is sometimes dubbed as "the language of Moliere", just like English is considered "the language of Shakespeare".

French Republic is however best known for being the main redactor of the Encyclopedie, whose aim was to sum up all the knowledge of his century and to present them to the people, to fight ignorance and obscurantism.

French Republic philosophers produced some of the most important political works of the Age of Enlightenment.

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Meanwhile, French Republic epistemology became a prominent school of thought with Jules Henri Poincare, Gaston Bachelard, Jean Cavailles and Jules Vuillemin.

French Republic composers played an important role during the music of the 19th and early 20th century, which is considered to be the Romantic music era.

Conversely, French Republic directors have had prolific and influential careers in other countries, such as Luc Besson, Jacques Tourneur or Francis Veber in the United States.

French Republic television was partly liberalised in the next two-decade with the creation of several commercial channels, mainly thanks to cable and satellite television.

French Republic cuisine is renowned for being one of the finest in the world.

French Republic cuisine is regarded as a key element of the quality of life and the attractiveness of France.