63 Facts About Monaco

The state's sovereignty was officially recognised by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861, with Monaco becoming a full United Nations voting member in 1993.

In more recent years, Monaco has become a major banking centre and has sought to diversify its economy into the services sector and small, high-value-added, non-polluting industries.

Monaco is famous as a tax haven: the principality has no personal income tax and low business taxes.

Monaco is not formally a part of the European Union, but it participates in certain EU policies, including customs and border controls.

Monaco joined the Council of Europe in 2004 and is a member of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.

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The principality has a club football team, AS Monaco, which competes in the French Ligue 1 and have become French champions on multiple occasions.

Monaco's name comes from the nearby 6th-century BC Phocaean Greek colony.

Princes of Monaco thus became vassals of the French kings while at the same time remaining sovereign princes.

Monaco remained in this position until 1860 when, by the Treaty of Turin, the Sardinian forces pulled out of the principality; the surrounding County of Nice was ceded to France.

The unrest continued until Charles III of Monaco gave up his claim to the two mainland towns that had been ruled by the Grimaldi family for over 500 years.

The transfer and Monaco's sovereignty were recognised by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861.

In 1963, a crisis developed when Charles de Gaulle blockaded Monaco, angered by its status as a tax haven for wealthy French citizens.

In 1993, the Principality of Monaco became a member of the United Nations, with full voting rights.

In 2002, a new treaty between France and Monaco specified that, should there be no heirs to carry on the Grimaldi dynasty, the principality would still remain an independent nation rather than revert to France.

Monaco died six days later, after a reign of 56 years, with his son succeeding him as Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco.

Monaco's accession to the Monegasque throne was a two-step event with a further ceremony, drawing heads of state for an elaborate reception, held on 18 November 2005, at the historic Prince's Palace in Monaco-Ville.

Monaco had previously considered an expansion in 2008, but had called it off.

On 29 February 2020, Monaco announced its first case of COVID-19, a man who was admitted to the Princess Grace Hospital Centre then transferred to Nice University Hospital in France.

Monaco has been governed under a constitutional monarchy since 1911, with the Sovereign Prince of Monaco as head of state.

Monaco has no navy or air force, but on both a per-capita and per-area basis, Monaco has one of the largest police forces and police presences in the world.

Monaco is a sovereign city-state, with five quarters and ten wards, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe.

Monaco is the second-smallest country by area in the world; only Vatican City is smaller.

Monaco is the most densely populated country in the world.

Four traditional quartiers of Monaco are Monaco-Ville, La Condamine, Monte Carlo and Fontvieille.

However, the suburb of Moneghetti, the high-level part of La Condamine, is generally seen today as an effective fifth Quartier of Monaco, having a very distinct atmosphere and topography when compared with low-level La Condamine.

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Note: for statistical purposes, the Wards of Monaco are further subdivided into 178 city blocks, which are comparable to the census blocks in the United States.

Monaco has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, with strong maritime influences, with some resemblances to the humid subtropical climate (Cfa).

Monaco is the only place in Europe where credit card points are not redeemable.

Monaco has acquired the right to mint euro coins with Monegasque designs on its national side.

Monaco has never levied income tax on individuals, and foreigners are thus able to use it as a "tax haven" from their own country's high taxes, because as an independent country, Monaco is not obliged to pay taxes to other countries.

Monaco did not appear in the list of these territories until 2004, when the OECD became indignant regarding the Monegasque situation and denounced it in a report, along with Andorra, Liechtenstein, Liberia, and the Marshall Islands.

Later, Monaco overcame the OECD's objections and was removed from the "grey list" of uncooperative jurisdictions.

In 2009, Monaco went a step further and secured a place on the "white list" after signing twelve information exchange treaties with other jurisdictions.

The authorities of Monaco have stated that they will provide additional resources to SICCFIN.

Also in 2000, a report by French Socialist MPs Arnaud Montebourg and Vincent Peillon stated that Monaco had relaxed policies with respect to money laundering including within its casino and that the Government of Monaco had been placing political pressure on the judiciary so that alleged crimes were not being properly investigated.

Twenty-two territories, including Monaco, were thus evaluated between 1998 and 2000 on a first round.

Monaco was the only territory that refused to perform the second round, between 2001 and 2003, whereas the 21 other territories had planned to implement the third and final round, planned between 2005 and 2007.

Monaco issued its own coins in various devaluations connected to the ecu already in the seventeenth century, but its first decimal coins of the Monegasque franc were issued in 1837 continued until 2001.

Monaco's population is unusual in that the native Monegasques are a minority in their own country: the largest group are French nationals at 28.

Citizens of Monaco, whether born in the country or naturalised, are called Monegasque.

Monaco has the world's highest life expectancy at nearly 90 years.

Main and official language of Monaco is French, while Italian is spoken by the principality's sizeable community from Italy.

Grimaldi, princes of Monaco, have Ligurian origin; thus, the traditional national language is Monegasque, a variety of Ligurian, now spoken by only a minority of residents and as a common second language by many native residents.

Religion in Monaco according to the Global Religious Landscape survey by the Pew Forum, 2012.

The majority of the Muslim population of Monaco are Arabs, though there is a Turkish minority as well.

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The erection of the Circuit de Monaco takes six weeks to complete and the removal after the race takes another three weeks.

Women's team, OS Monaco, competes in the women's French football league system.

However, Monaco is one of only two sovereign states in Europe that is not a member of UEFA and so does not take part in any UEFA European Football Championship or FIFA World Cup competitions.

Monaco has competed in the Olympic Games, although, no athlete from Monaco has ever won an Olympic medal.

Monaco Marathon is the only marathon in the world to pass through three countries, those of Monaco, France and Italy, before the finish at the Stade Louis II.

From 10 to 12 July 2014 Monaco inaugurated the Solar1 Monte Carlo Cup, a series of ocean races exclusively for solar-powered boats.

Cuisine of Monaco is a Mediterranean cuisine shaped by the cooking style of Provence and the influences of nearby northern Italian and southern French cooking, in addition to Monaco's own culinary traditions.

Monaco has an opera house, a symphony orchestra and a classical ballet company.

Monaco has a national museum of contemporary visual art at the New National Museum of Monaco.

In 1997, the Audiovisual Institute of Monaco was founded aimed to preserve audiovisual archives and show how the Principality of Monaco is represented in cinema.

Prince Albert of Monaco visited the Sassi di Matera on 22 April 2022, exploring the ancient districts.

Monaco has ten state-operated schools, including: seven nursery and primary schools; one secondary school, College Charles III; one lycee that provides general and technological training, Lycee Albert 1er; and one lycee that provides vocational and hotel training, Lycee technique et hotelier de Monte-Carlo.

The Monaco Heliport provides helicopter service to the closest airport, Cote d'Azur Airport in Nice, France.

Monaco is so old that it has outlived many of the nations and institutions that it has had relations with.

Honore II, Prince of Monaco secured recognition of his independent sovereignty from Spain in 1633, and then from Louis XIII of France by the Treaty of Peronne.

Monaco made a special agreement with France in 1963 in which French customs laws apply in Monaco and its territorial waters.

Monaco uses the euro but is not a member of the European Union.

The population of Monaco went from 35, 000 in 2008 to 36, 000 in 2013, and of that about 20 percent were native Monegasque.