44 Facts About Algeria

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa.

Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.

Algeria covers an area of 2, 381, 741 square kilometres, making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa, being more than 200 times as large as the smallest country in the continent, The Gambia.

The vast majority of Algeria's population is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam, and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber.

Algeria is a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies consisting of 58 provinces and 1, 541 communes.

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Algeria is a regional power in North Africa, and a middle power in global affairs.

Algeria has the world's sixteenth-largest oil reserves and the ninth-largest reserves of natural gas.

Algeria's military is one of the largest in Africa, and has the largest defence budget on the continent.

Algeria was the site of the highest state of development of Middle Paleolithic Flake tool techniques.

Several centuries Algeria was ruled by the Romans, who founded many colonies in the region.

Almohads originating from modern day Morocco, although founded by a man originating from Algeria known as Abd al-Mu'min would soon take control over the Maghreb.

One of France's longest-held overseas territories, Algeria became a destination for hundreds of thousands of European immigrants, who became known as colons and later, as Pied-Noirs.

The French government aimed at making Algeria an assimilated part of France, and this included substantial educational investments especially after 1900.

The indigenous cultural and religious resistance heavily opposed this tendency, but in contrast to the other colonised countries' path in central Asia and Caucasus, Algeria kept its individual skills and a relatively human-capital intensive agriculture.

Algeria'storians have estimated that between 30, 000 and 150, 000 Harkis and their dependants were killed by the Front de Liberation Nationale or by lynch mobs in Algeria.

War against French rule concluded in 1962, when Algeria gained complete independence following the March 1962 Evian agreements and the July 1962 self-determination referendum.

At several points in the conflict, the situation in Algeria became a point of international concern, most notably during the crisis surrounding Air France Flight 8969, a hijacking perpetrated by the Armed Islamic Group.

Algeria held elections in 1999, considered biased by international observers and most opposition groups which were won by President Abdelaziz Bouteflika.

Algeria worked to restore political stability to the country and announced a "Civil Concord" initiative, approved in a referendum, under which many political prisoners were pardoned, and several thousand members of armed groups were granted exemption from prosecution under a limited amnesty, in force until 13 January 2000.

Algeria reminds his detractors that he was expelled from the Government in August 2017 at the instigation of oligarchs languishing in prison.

Since the 2011 breakup of Sudan, and the creation of South Sudan, Algeria has been the largest country in Africa, and the Mediterranean Basin.

Varied vegetation of Algeria includes coastal, mountainous and grassy desert-like regions which all support a wide range of wildlife.

Algeria has a small African leopard and Saharan cheetah population, but these are seldom seen.

Algeria had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.

Algeria appoints the Prime Minister who is the head of government.

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Algeria is included in the European Union's European Neighbourhood Policy which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer.

On 24 August 2021, Algeria announced the break of diplomatic relations with Morocco.

Algeria has the second largest military in North Africa with the largest defence budget in Africa.

Algeria has been categorised by the US government funded Freedom House as "not free" since it began publishing such ratings in 1972, with the exception of 1989, 1990, and 1991, when the country was labelled "partly free.

Algeria showed largest LGBT acceptance compared to other Arab countries where the survey was conducted.

Algeria is divided into 58 provinces, 553 districts (dairas) and 1, 541 municipalities (baladiyahs).

Algeria has struggled to develop industries outside hydrocarbons in part because of high costs and an inert state bureaucracy.

Thanks to strong hydrocarbon revenues, Algeria has a cushion of $173 billion in foreign currency reserves and a large hydrocarbon stabilisation fund.

Algeria has not joined the WTO, despite several years of negotiations but is a member of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area and the African Continental Free Trade Area, and has an association agreement with the European Union.

Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the sixth-largest gas exporter.

Algeria has invested an estimated 100 billion dinars towards developing research facilities and paying researchers.

Algeria is estimated to have the largest solar energy potential in the Mediterranean, so the government has funded the creation of a solar science park in Hassi R'Mel.

Currently, Algeria has 20, 000 research professors at various universities and over 780 research labs, with state-set goals to expand to 1, 000.

Besides solar energy, areas of research in Algeria include space and satellite telecommunications, nuclear power and medical research.

Development of the tourism sector in Algeria had previously been hampered by a lack of facilities, but since 2004 a broad tourism development strategy has been implemented resulting in many hotels of a high modern standard being built.

Algeria is crossed by the Trans-Sahara Highway, which is completely paved.

Algeria has given the Muslim world a number of prominent thinkers, including Emir Abdelkader, Abdelhamid Ben Badis, Mouloud Kacem Nait Belkacem, Malek Bennabi and Mohamed Arkoun.

Algeria was ranked 120th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 113rd in 2019.

Algeria wrote over 350 songs and produced some 130 records before his death in 1978.