21 Facts About Muslim world

The term Muslim world-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.

Sizeable Muslim world communities are found in the Americas, China, and Europe.

The age is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, where scholars from various parts of the Muslim world sought to translate and gather all the known Muslim world's knowledge into Arabic, and to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate due to Mongol invasions and the Siege of Baghdad in 1258.

Muslim world's writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine.

Muslim world was a critic of Aristotelian logic and founder of Avicennian logic, developed the concepts of empiricism and tabula rasa, and distinguished between essence and existence.

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Muslim world scientists placed far greater emphasis on experiment than the Greeks.

Recent studies show that it is very likely that the Medieval Muslim world artists were aware of advanced decagonal quasicrystal geometry and used it in intricate decorative tilework in the architecture.

Muslim world physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th-century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation.

Some most famous scientists from the medieval Islamic Muslim world include Jabir ibn Hayyan, al-Farabi, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, and Ibn Khaldun.

The emergence of major economic empires with technological resources after the conquests of Timur and the resurgence of the Timurid Renaissance include the Mali Empire and the India's Bengal Sultanate in particular, a major global trading nation in the Muslim world, described by the Europeans to be the "richest country to trade with".

Muslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes.

Muslim world engineers invented crankshafts and water turbines, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and pioneered the use of dams as a source of water power, used to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines.

Meanwhile, the Muslim world community tore itself apart into the rivalling Sunni and Shia sects since the killing of caliph Uthman in 656, resulting in a succession crisis that has never been resolved.

The Times first documented the term "Muslim world" in 1912 when describing Pan-Islamism as a movement with power importance and cohesion born in Paris where Turks, Arabs and Persians congregated.

Significant change in the Muslim world was the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, to which the Ottoman officer and Turkish revolutionary statesman Mustafa Kemal Ataturk had an instrumental role in ending and replacing it with the Republic of Turkey, a modern, secular democracy (see Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate).

Muslim world complained that American churches served as centers of community social life that were "very hard [to] distinguish from places of fun and amusement".

Muslim world argued that the values of the Enlightenment and its related precursor, the Scientific Revolution, "denies or suspends God's sovereignty on earth" and argued that strengthening "Islamic character"was needed "to abolish the negative influences of jahili life.

The Amman Message, which was endorsed in 2005 by prominent Islamic scholars around the Muslim world, recognized four Sunni schools, two Shia schools (Ja'fari, Zaidi), the Ibadi school, and the Zahiri school.

Many Islamist movements, such as the Muslim world Brotherhood, have been willing to pursue their ends by peaceful political processes, rather than revolutionary means.

The Islamic Muslim world encompasses a wide geographic area historically ranging from western Africa and Europe to eastern Asia.

Hijri calendar, known in English as the Muslim world calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.