79 Facts About Mexico

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.

Mexico covers 1, 972, 550 square kilometers, making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with approximately 126, 014, 024 inhabitants, it is the 10th-most-populous country and has the most Spanish-speakers.

Mexico is organized as a federal republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital.

Mexico is a member of United Nations, the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, the Organization of American States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, and the Organization of Ibero-American States.

Nahuatl term for the heartland of the Aztec Empire, namely the Valley of Mexico and surrounding territories, with its people being known as the Mexica.

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The earliest human artifacts in Mexico are chips of stone tools found near campfire remains in the Valley of Mexico and radiocarbon-dated to circa 10, 000 years ago.

Mexico is the site of the domestication of maize, tomato, and beans, which produced an agricultural surplus.

The National Museum of Anthrology in Mexico City is the showcase of the nation's prehispanic glories.

Mexico's quickly learned Spanish and gave strategic advice about how to deal with both indigenous allies and indigenous foes.

The capital Mexico City was and remains the premier city, but other cities founded in the sixteenth century remain important, including Puebla, Guadalajara, Guanajuato, Zacatecas, Oaxaca, and the port of Veracruz.

The Viceregal capital Mexico City administrated the Spanish West Indies, the Spanish East Indies (that is, the Philippines), and Spanish Florida.

Population of Mexico was overwhelmingly indigenous and rural during the entire colonial period and beyond, despite the massive decrease in their numbers due to epidemic diseases.

In Mexico, elites argued that sovereignty now reverted to "the people" and that town councils were the most representative bodies.

When no member of a European royal house desired the position, Iturbide himself was declared Emperor Agustin I The young and weak United States was the first country to recognize Mexico's independence, sending an ambassador to the court of the emperor and sending a message to Europe via the Monroe Doctrine not to intervene in Mexico.

Mexico contended with indigenous groups which controlled territory that Mexico claimed in the north.

Mexico by law was a Catholic country; the Anglo Americans were primarily Protestant English speakers from the southern United States.

The largest blow to Mexico was the U S invasion of Mexico in 1846 in the Mexican–American War.

Mexico lost much of its sparsely populated northern territory, sealed in the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

The French Army defeated the Mexican Army and placed Maximilian Hapsburg on the newly established throne of Mexico, supported by Mexican Conservatives and propped up by the French Army.

Mexico made no attempt, however, to establish a family dynasty, naming no relative as his successor.

Mexico gained recognition from the United States and took steps to settle claims with companies and individuals that lost property during the Revolution.

Mexico imposed his fellow former Sonoran revolutionary general, Calles, as his successor, prompting an unsuccessful military revolt.

The Church-State conflict was mediated and ended with the aid of the U S Ambassador to Mexico and ended with an agreement between the parties in conflict, by means of which the respective fields of action were defined.

Mexico sought to set up a structure to manage presidential succession, founding the party that was to dominate Mexico until the late twentieth century.

Cardenas's successor, Manuel Avila Camacho was more moderate, and relations between the U S and Mexico vastly improved during World War II, when Mexico was a significant ally, providing manpower and materiel to aid the war effort.

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From 1946 the election of Miguel Aleman, the first civilian president in the post-revolutionary period, Mexico embarked on an aggressive program of economic development, known as the Mexican miracle, which was characterized by industrialization, urbanization, and the increase of inequality in Mexico between urban and rural areas.

Demonstrations in central Mexico City went on for weeks before the planned opening of the games, with the government of Gustavo Diaz Ordaz cracking down.

Mexico's government had to contend with mistrust of Mexicans and increasing economic problems.

The anti-clerical articles that muzzled religious institutions, especially the Catholic Church, were amended and Mexico reestablished of diplomatic relations with the Holy See.

Mexico has contended with high crime rates, official corruption, narcotrafficking, and a stagnant economy.

Mexico is located between latitudes 14° and 33°N, and longitudes 86° and 119°W in the southern portion of North America.

Geopolitically, however, Mexico is entirely considered part of North America, along with Canada and the United States.

Mexico has nine distinct regions: Baja California, the Pacific Coastal Lowlands, the Mexican Plateau, the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Cordillera Neo-Volcanica, the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Southern Highlands, and the Yucatan Peninsula.

Mexico is crossed from north to south by two mountain ranges known as Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental, which are the extension of the Rocky Mountains from northern North America.

Mexico is subject to a number of natural hazards, including hurricanes on both coasts, tsunamis on the Pacific coast, and volcanism.

Lake Patzcuaro and Lake Cuitzeo, west of Mexico City, are remnants of vast lakes and marshes that covered much of the southern Mesa Central before European settlement.

Climate of Mexico is quite varied due to the country's size and topography.

Mexico is considered the second country in the world in ecosystems and fourth in overall species.

In 2002, Mexico had the second fastest rate of deforestation in the world, second only to Brazil.

Plants indigenous to Mexico are grown in many parts of the world and integrated into their own national cuisines.

Foreign relations of Mexico are directed by the President of Mexico and managed through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Mexico is founding member of several international organizations, most notably the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the OPANAL and the CELAC.

In 2008, Mexico contributed over 40 million dollars to the United Nations regular budget.

Mexico is considered a regional power hence its presence in major economic groups such as the G8+5 and the G-20.

Mexico has the capabilities to manufacture nuclear weapons, but abandoned this possibility with the Treaty of Tlatelolco in 1968 and pledged to only use its nuclear technology for peaceful purposes.

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Mexico signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.

Crime and human rights violations in Mexico have been criticized, including enforced disappearances, abuses against migrants, extrajudicial killings, gender-based violence, especially femicide, and attacks on journalists and human rights advocatess.

Mexico City is a special political division that belongs to the federation as a whole and not to a particular state.

Mexico is firmly established as an upper middle-income country.

However, rather than Mexico's economy crashing, international economists attribute the huge increase in the percentage of population living below the country's poverty line to the CONEVAL using new standards to define it, as now besides people who lives below the economic welfare line, people who lacks at least one "social need" such as complete education, access to healthcare, access to regular food, housing services and goods, social security etc.

The OECD notes that Mexico's budgeted expenses for poverty alleviation and social development is only about a third of the OECD average.

Mexico has the sixth largest electronics industry in the world after China, United States, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

Mexico is the second-largest exporter of electronics to the United States where it exported $71.

Mexico produces the most automobiles of any North American nation.

Energy production in Mexico is managed by the state-owned companies Federal Commission of Electricity and Pemex.

Mexico is the sixth-largest oil producer in the world, with 3.

The largest hydro plant in Mexico is the 2, 400 MW Manuel Moreno Torres Dam in Chicoasen, Chiapas, in the Grijalva River.

Mexico is the country with the world's third largest solar potential.

In recent years, the largest scientific project being developed in Mexico was the construction of the Large Millimeter Telescope, the world's largest and most sensitive single-aperture telescope in its frequency range.

Mexico was ranked 55th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, up from 56th in 2019.

Roadway network in Mexico is extensive and all areas in the country are covered by it.

The Secretary of Communications and Transport of Mexico proposed a high-speed rail link that will transport its passengers from Mexico City to Guadalajara, Jalisco.

While, during the colonial era, most of the European migration into Mexico was Spanish, in the 19th and 20th centuries, a substantial number of non-Spanish Europeans immigrated to the country, with Europeans often being the most numerous ethnic group in colonial Mexican cities.

Mexico had an active slave trade during the colonial period, and some 200, 000 Africans were taken there, primarily in the 17th century.

Smaller ethnic groups in Mexico include South and East Asians, present since the colonial era.

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Since the early 1990s, Mexico entered a transitional stage in the health of its population and some indicators such as mortality patterns are identical to those found in highly developed countries like Germany or Japan.

In light of the various ethnicities that formed the Mexican people, Jose Vasconcelos in La Raza Cosmica (1925) defined Mexico to be the melting pot of all races (thus extending the definition of the mestizo) not only biologically but culturally as well.

Pre-Columbian Mexico is present in buildings and caves, in Aztec codices, in ceramics, in garments, etc.

In early post-independence Mexico, Nineteenth-century painting had a marked romantic influence; landscapes and portraits were the greatest expressions of this era.

Juan O'Gorman was one of the first environmental architects in Mexico, developing the "organic" theory, trying to integrate the building with the landscape within the same approaches of Frank Lloyd Wright.

Mexico won the 1980 Pritzker Prize, the highest award in architecture.

Foods indigenous to Mexico include corn, pepper vegetables, calabazas, avocados, sweet potato, turkey, many beans, and other fruits and spices.

In 2005, Mexico presented the candidature of its gastronomy for World Heritage Site of UNESCO, the first time a country had presented its gastronomic tradition for this purpose.

Poetry had a rich cultural tradition in pre-Columbian Mexico, being divided into two broad categories—secular and religious.

Mexico has a long tradition of music from the prehispanic era to the present.

Mexico became the first Latin American country to transition from analog to all digital transmissions.

Telenovelas, or soap operas are very traditional in Mexico and are translated to many languages and seen all over the world.

Mexico was a pioneer in edutainment, with TV producer Miguel Sabido creating in 1970s "soap operas for social change".

Mexico City hosted the XIX Olympic Games in 1968, making it the first Latin American city to do so.