Virtually all scholars of antiquity accept that Jesus was a historical figure, and attempts to deny his historicity have been consistently rejected by the scholarly consensus as a fringe theory.
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24 Facts About Historical Jesus
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Reconstructions of the historical Jesus are based on the Pauline epistles and the gospels, while several non-biblical sources support his historical existence.
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Since the 18th century, three separate scholarly quests for the historical Jesus have taken place, each with distinct characteristics and developing new and different research criteria.
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Historical Jesus scholars typically contend that he was a Galilean Jew and living in a time of messianic and apocalyptic expectations.
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Portraits of Historical Jesus that have been constructed through history using these processes have often differed from each other, and from the image portrayed in the gospel accounts.
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Contemporary scholars of antiquity agree that Historical Jesus existed, and biblical scholars and classical historians view the theories of his nonexistence as effectively refuted.
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Historical Jesus speaks of the execution of 'the wise king of the Jews' and compares his death to that of Socrates at the hands of the Athenians.
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Historical Jesus criticism, known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism, is a branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts in order to understand "the world behind the text".
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Historical Jesus criticism began in the 17th century and gained popular recognition in the 19th and 20th centuries.
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Since the 18th century, three scholarly quests for the historical Jesus have taken place, each with distinct characteristics and based on different research criteria, which were often developed during each specific phase.
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Scholarly effort to reconstruct an "authentic" historical picture of Jesus was a product of the Enlightenment skepticism of the late eighteenth century.
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Reimarus distinguished between what Historical Jesus taught and how he is portrayed in the New Testament.
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One of the arguments in favor of the historicity of the Baptism of Jesus by John is the criterion of embarrassment, i e that it is a story which the early Christian Church would have never wanted to invent, as it implies that Jesus was subservient to John.
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Sanders and Paula Fredriksen support the historicity of the crucifixion, but contend that Historical Jesus did not foretell his own crucifixion, and that his prediction of the crucifixion is a Christian story.
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Scholars involved in the third and next quests for the historical Jesus have constructed a variety of portraits and profiles for Jesus.
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The portraits of Jesus that have been constructed in the quest for the historical Jesus have often differed from each other, and from the image portrayed in the gospel accounts.
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Bart D Ehrman aligns himself with Schweitzer's view that Jesus expected an apocalypse during his own generation, and he bases some of his views on the argument that the earliest gospel sources and the First Epistle to the Thessalonians, chapters 4 and 5, probably written by the end of AD 52, present Jesus as far more apocalyptic than other Christian sources produced towards the end of the 1st century, contending that the apocalyptic messages were progressively toned down.
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In John Dominic Crossan's view Historical Jesus was crucified not for religious reasons but because his social teachings challenged the seat of power held by the Jewish authorities.
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Burton Mack holds that Historical Jesus was a Cynic whose teachings were so different from those of his time that they shocked the audience and forced them to think, but Mack views his death as accidental and not due to his challenge to Jewish authority.
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Wright believes that Jesus was the Messiah and argues that the Resurrection of Jesus was a physical and historical event.
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Wright's portrait of Historical Jesus is closer to the traditional Christian views than many other scholars, and when he departs from the Christian tradition, his views are still close to them.
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Rabbi portrait advances the idea that Historical Jesus was simply a rabbi who sought to reform certain ideas within Judaism.
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