17 Facts About Hollywood blacklist

Hollywood blacklist was an entertainment industry blacklist, broader than just Hollywood, put in effect in the mid-20th century in the United States during the early years of the Cold War.

The Hollywood blacklist involved the practice of denying employment to entertainment industry professionals believed to be or to have been Communists or sympathizers.

Blacklist lasted until 1960, when Dalton Trumbo, a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten, was credited as the screenwriter of the film Exodus, and publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for Spartacus .

Hollywood blacklist was rooted in events of the 1930s and the early 1940s, encompassing the height of the Great Depression and World War II.

In contrast, other leading Hollywood blacklist figures, including director John Huston and actors Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Judy Garland and Danny Kaye, organized the Committee for the First Amendment to protest the government's targeting of the film industry.

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HUAC hearings failed to turn up any evidence that Hollywood blacklist was secretly disseminating Communist propaganda, but the industry was nonetheless transformed.

Hollywood blacklist was released early from jail; following his 1951 HUAC appearance, in which he described his brief membership in the party and named names, his career recovered.

Hollywood blacklist was immediately blacklisted after Edward Dmytryk and fellow filmmaker Frank Tuttle named him to HUAC in 1952.

Screenwriter Richard Collins, after a brief period on the Hollywood blacklist, became a friendly witness and dumped his wife, actress Dorothy Comingore, who refused to name names.

The author Kenneth Billingsley, writing in Reason magazine, said that Trumbo wrote in The Daily Worker about films which he said communist influence in Hollywood blacklist had prevented from being made: among them were proposed adaptations of Arthur Koestler's anti-totalitarian works Darkness at Noon and The Yogi and the Commissar, which described the rise of communism in Russia.

Hollywood blacklist had long gone hand in hand with the Red-baiting activities of J Edgar Hoover's FBI.

Struggles attending the Hollywood blacklist were played out metaphorically on the big screen in various ways.

Hollywood blacklist was scrutinized by AWARE, Inc, one of the private firms that examined individuals for signs of Communist sympathies and "disloyalty".

The Hollywood blacklist was now clearly coming to an end, but its effects continue to reverberate even until the present.

Public support for the Hollywood blacklist Ten wavered, as everyday citizen-observers were never really sure what to make of them.

Hollywood blacklist claimed to have left the Communist Party before having been subpoenaed, defining himself as the "odd man out".

Hollywood blacklist condemned the Ten's legal tactic of defiance, and regretted staying with the group for as long as he did.