17 Facts About Hydrocodone

Hydrocodone is an opioid used to treat pain and as a cough suppressant.

Hydrocodone is a controlled drug, in the United States a Schedule II Controlled Substance.

Hydrocodone is believed to work by activating opioid receptors, mainly in the brain and spinal cord.

Hydrocodone was patented in 1923, while the long-acting formulation was approved for medical use in the United States in 2013.

Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic opioid, converted from codeine or less often from thebaine.

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Hydrocodone is available in a variety of formulations for oral administration:.

Hydrocodone is not available in parenteral or any other non-oral forms.

Hydrocodone is in U S Food and Drug Administration pregnancy category C No adequate and well-controlled studies in humans have been conducted.

Hydrocodone can be habit forming, causing physical and psychological dependence.

Hydrocodone is a highly selective full agonist of the µ-opioid receptor.

Hydrocodone has low affinity for the d-opioid receptor and the ?-opioid receptor (KOR), where it is an agonist similarly.

Hydrocodone is excreted in urine, mainly in the form of conjugates.

Hydrocodone concentrations are measured in blood, plasma, and urine to seek evidence of misuse, to confirm diagnoses of poisoning, and to assist in investigations into deaths.

Hydrocodone is most commonly synthesized from Thebaine, a constituent of opium latex from the dried poppy plant.

Hydrocodone was first synthesized in Germany in 1920 by Carl Mannich and Helene Lowenheim.

Hydrocodone was first marketed by Knoll as Dicodid, starting in February 1924 in Germany.

Hydrocodone was never as common in Europe as it is in North America—dihydrocodeine is used for its spectrum of indications.