Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species and the simplest peroxide, a compound having an oxygen–oxygen single bond.
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35 Facts About Hydrogen peroxide
2.
Hydrogen peroxide is found in biological systems including the human body.
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3.
In practice, hydrogen peroxide will undergo potentially explosive thermal decomposition if heated to this temperature.
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4.
Hydrogen peroxide is a nonplanar molecule with C2 symmetry; this was first shown by Paul-Antoine Giguere in 1950 using infrared spectroscopy.
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5.
Hydrogen peroxide has several structural analogues with bonding arrangements .
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6.
In 1934, the English mathematical physicist William Penney and the Scottish physicist Gordon Sutherland proposed a molecular structure for hydrogen peroxide that was very similar to the presently accepted one.
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7.
Previously, hydrogen peroxide was prepared industrially by hydrolysis of ammonium persulfate:.
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8.
Today, hydrogen peroxide is manufactured almost exclusively by the anthraquinone process, which was originally developed by BASF in 1939.
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9.
Hydrogen peroxide occurs in surface water, groundwater and in the atmosphere.
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10.
Hydrogen peroxide can be decomposed biologically by the enzyme catalase.
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11.
Redox properties of hydrogen peroxide depend on pH as acidic conditions exacerbate the power of oxidizing agents and basic conditions exacerbate the power of reducing agents.
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12.
In basic solutions, hydrogen peroxide is a strong reductant and can reduce a variety of inorganic ions.
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13.
For example, hydrogen peroxide will reduce sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate, which is a convenient method for preparing oxygen in the laboratory:.
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14.
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide is used for epoxidation of electron-deficient alkenes such as acrylic acid derivatives, and for the oxidation of alkylboranes to alcohols, the second step of hydroboration-oxidation.
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15.
Hydrogen peroxide is a weak acid, forming hydroperoxide or peroxide salts with many metals.
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16.
Hydrogen peroxide reacts with acetone to form acetone peroxide and with ozone to form trioxidane.
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17.
The net reaction of a ferric ion with hydrogen peroxide is a ferrous ion and oxygen.
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18.
Hydrogen peroxide is formed in humans and other animals as a short-lived product in biochemical processes and is toxic to cells.
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19.
The class of biological enzymes called suHydrogen peroxide dismutase is developed in nearly all living cells as an important antioxidant agent.
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20.
Hydrogen peroxide is a signaling molecule of plant defense against pathogens.
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21.
Hydrogen peroxide has roles as a signalling molecule in the regulation of a wide variety of biological processes.
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22.
Hydrogen peroxide has been used for creating organic peroxide-based explosives, such as acetone peroxide.
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23.
Hydrogen peroxide is used in certain waste-water treatment processes to remove organic impurities.
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24.
Hydrogen peroxide is seen as an environmentally safe alternative to chlorine-based bleaches, as it degrades to form oxygen and water and it is generally recognized as safe as an antimicrobial agent by the U S Food and Drug Administration .
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25.
Hydrogen peroxide has various domestic uses, primarily as a cleaning and disinfecting agent.
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26.
Hydrogen peroxide has shown positive results involving teeth lightness and chroma shade parameters.
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27.
Hydrogen peroxide reacts with blood as a bleaching agent, and so if a blood stain is fresh, or not too old, liberal application of hydrogen peroxide, if necessary in more than single application, will bleach the stain fully out.
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28.
Hydrogen peroxide reacts with certain di-esters, such as phenyl oxalate ester, to produce chemiluminescence; this application is most commonly encountered in the form of glow sticks.
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29.
Hydrogen peroxide is used in aquaculture for controlling mortality caused by various microbes.
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30.
In high concentrations, hydrogen peroxide is an aggressive oxidizer and will corrode many materials, including human skin.
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31.
Hydrogen peroxide should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area and away from any flammable or combustible substances.
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32.
Swallowing hydrogen peroxide solutions is particularly dangerous, as decomposition in the stomach releases large quantities of gas, leading to internal bloating.
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33.
Hydrogen peroxide has been classified by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists as a "known animal carcinogen, with unknown relevance on humans".
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34.
Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the immune system, but in a carefully controlled manner.
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35.
The Hydrogen peroxide is toxic to both the cell and the pathogen and so is kept within a special compartment, called a phagosome.
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