21 Facts About Italian Constitution

Constitution of the Italian Republic was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947, with 453 votes in favour and 62 against.

The Italian Constitution was drafted in 1946 and came into force on 1 January 1948, one century after the Italian Constitution of the Kingdom of Italy, the Statuto Albertino, had been enacted.

Wherever an Italian died to redeem freedom and dignity, go there, young people, and ponder: because that was where our constitution was born.

Italian Constitution is composed of 139 articles and arranged into three main parts: Principi Fondamentali, the Fundamental Principles ; Part I concerning the Diritti e Doveri dei Cittadini, or Rights and Duties of Citizens ; and Part II the Ordinamento della Repubblica, or Organisation of the Republic ; followed by 18 Disposizioni transitorie e finali, the Transitory and Final Provisions.

The Italian Constitution recognises habeas corpus and the presumption of innocence; violations of personal liberties, properties and privacy are forbidden without an order of the Judiciary stating a reason, and outside the limits imposed by the law.

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The Italian Constitution recognises the freedom of association, within the limits of criminal law.

Italian Constitution recognises the family as a natural society founded on marriage, while marriage is simply regarded as a condition of moral and legal equality between the spouses.

The Italian Constitution prescribes examinations for admission to and graduation from the various branches and grades and for qualification to exercise a profession.

Italian Constitution recognises free enterprise, on condition it does not damage the common good, safety, liberty, human dignity, health, or the environment.

Italian Constitution establishes a progressive form of taxation, which requires every citizen to contribute to public expenditure in accordance with their capability.

Power is divided among the executive, the legislative and judicial branches; the Italian Constitution establishes the balancing and interaction of these branches, rather than their rigid separation.

The quorum for decisions in each House and in a joint session is a majority of the members, and the Italian Constitution prescribes the majority required of those present for passing a decision.

Italian Constitution recognises general referenda for repealing a law or part of it, when they are requested by five hundred thousand voters or five Regional Councils; while referenda on a law regulating taxes, the budget, amnesty or pardon, or a law ratifying an international treaty are not recognised.

Italian Constitution gives to the Parliament the authority to declare a state of war and to vest the necessary powers into the Government.

The Italian Constitution empowers the Judiciary to nominate and regulate magistrates exercising legal proceedings, establishing the Judiciary as autonomous and independent of all other powers.

Italian Constitution establishes the bodies of each Region as the Regional Council, the Regional Executive and its president.

Statute of each Region, in compliance with the Italian Constitution, lays down the form of government and basic principles for the organisation of the Region and the conduct of its business.

Also, within five years after the Italian Constitution has come into effect, the special jurisdictional bodies still in existence must be revised, excluding the jurisdiction of the Council of State, the Court of Accounts, and the military tribunals.

The text of the Italian Constitution will be deposited in the Town Hall of every Municipality of the Republic and there made public for the whole of 1948, in order to allow every citizen to know of it.

The Italian Constitution, bearing the seal of the State, will be included in the Official Records of the laws and decrees of the Republic.

The Italian Constitution must be faithfully observed as the fundamental law of the Republic by all citizens and bodies of the State.