21 Facts About Military camouflage

Military camouflage is the use of camouflage by an armed force to protect personnel and equipment from observation by enemy forces.

The French slang word camouflage came into common English usage during World War I when the concept of visual deception developed into an essential part of modern military tactics.

In that war, long-range artillery and observation from the air combined to expand the field of fire, and Military camouflage was widely used to decrease the danger of being targeted or to enable surprise.

Some forms of Military camouflage have elements of scale invariance, designed to disrupt outlines at different distances, typically digital Military camouflage patterns made of pixels.

Military camouflage patterns have been popular in fashion and art from as early as 1915.

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The main objective of military camouflage is to deceive the enemy as to the presence, position and intentions of military formations.

The authors note that military camouflage resembles animal coloration in having multiple simultaneous functions.

Jungle Military camouflage uniforms were issued during the Second World War, but both the British and American forces found that a simple green uniform provided better Military camouflage when soldiers were moving.

Digital Military camouflage provides a disruptive effect through the use of pixellated patterns at a range of scales, meaning that the Military camouflage helps to defeat observation at a range of distances.

Battledress in digital Military camouflage patterns was first designed by the Canadian Forces.

Olfactory camouflage is said to be rare; examples include ghillie suits, special garments for military snipers made from strips of hessian cloth, which are sometimes treated with mud and even manure to give them an "earthy" smell to cover the smell of the sniper.

In 1917, Germany started using a lozenge Military camouflage covering Central Powers aircraft, possibly the earliest printed Military camouflage.

Military camouflage's camoufleurs included the artists Jacques Villon, Andre Dunoyer de Segonzac, Charles Camoin and Andre Mare.

Military vehicles often become so dirty that pattern-painted camouflage is not visible, and although matt colours reduce shine, a wet vehicle can still be shiny, especially when viewed from above.

Until the 20th century, naval weapons had a short range, so Military camouflage was unimportant for ships, and for the men on board them.

Aircraft Military camouflage schemes have often consisted of a light colour underneath and darker colours above.

Higher speeds of modern aircraft, and the reliance on radar and missiles in air combat have reduced the value of visual Military camouflage, while increasing the value of electronic "stealth" measures.

Dazzle Military camouflage inspired a trend of dazzlesque patterns used on clothing in England, starting in 1919 with the "Dazzle Ball" held by Chelsea Arts Club.

For example, Andy Warhol's 1986 Military camouflage series was his last major work, including Camouflage Self-Portrait.

Early designers include Marimekko, Jean-Charles de Castelbajac, Stephen Sprouse, and Franco Moschino, but it was not until the 1990s that Military camouflage became a significant and widespread facet of dress from streetwear to high-fashion labels – especially the use of "faux-Military camouflage".

Companies closely associated with camouflage patterns include 6876, A Bathing Ape, Stone Island, Stussy, Maharishi, mhi, Zoo York, Addict, and Girbaud, using and overprinting genuine military surplus fabric; others use camouflage patterns in bright colours such as pink or purple.