Mughal India Empire was an Islamic early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries.
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36 Facts About Mughal India
2.
Mughal India Empire was founded by Babur, a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side.
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3.
Mughal India established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass.
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4.
Mughal India created a new ruling elite loyal to him, implemented a modern administration, and encouraged cultural developments.
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5.
Mughal India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and economic development.
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6.
Mughal India left his son an internally stable state, which was in the midst of its golden age, but before long signs of political weakness would emerge.
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7.
Mughal India "was addicted to opium, neglected the affairs of the state, and came under the influence of rival court cliques".
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8.
Mughal India's reign ushered in the golden age of Mughal architecture.
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9.
Mughal India's reign was called as "The Golden Age of Mughal Architecture".
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10.
Mughal India encouraged conversion to Islam, reinstated the jizya on non-Muslims, and compiled the Fatawa al-Alamgir, a collection of Islamic law.
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11.
Mughal India expanded the empire to include almost the whole of South Asia, but at his death in 1707, "many parts of the empire were in open revolt".
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12.
But, according to Sugata Bose and Ayesha Jalal, the Mughal India Emperor continued to be the highest manifestation of sovereignty.
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14.
Mughal India'storians have offered numerous explanations for the rapid collapse of the Mughal Empire between 1707 and 1720, after a century of growth and prosperity.
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16.
The Mughal India Emperors spent a significant portion of their ruling period within these camps.
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17.
Particularly, this meant that the Mughal India emperor was considered the supreme authority on legal affairs.
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18.
The Mughal India qadi was responsible for dispensing justice; this included settling disputes, judging people for crimes, and dealing with inheritances and orphans.
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19.
Subjects of the Mughal India Empire took their grievances to the courts of superior officials who held more authority and punitive power than the local qadi.
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20.
Mughal India's economy has been described as a form of proto-industrialization, like that of 18th-century Western Europe prior to the Industrial Revolution.
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21.
In Mughal India, there was a generally tolerant attitude towards manual labourers, with some religious cults in northern India proudly asserting a high status for manual labour.
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22.
Mughal India administration emphasised agrarian reform, which began under the non-Mughal India emperor Sher Shah Suri, the work of which Akbar adopted and furthered with more reforms.
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23.
The Mughal India government funded the building of irrigation systems across the empire, which produced much higher crop yields and increased the net revenue base, leading to increased agricultural production.
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24.
Major Mughal India reform introduced by Akbar was a new land revenue system called zabt.
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25.
Mughal India replaced the tribute system, previously common in India and used by Tokugawa Japan at the time, with a monetary tax system based on a uniform currency.
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26.
In contrast, there was very little demand for European goods in Mughal India, which was largely self-sufficient, thus Europeans had very little to offer, except for some woolens, unprocessed metals and a few luxury items.
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27.
Largest manufacturing industry in the Mughal India Empire was textile manufacturing, particularly cotton textile manufacturing, which included the production of piece goods, calicos, and muslins, available unbleached and in a variety of colours.
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28.
Mughal India had a large shipbuilding industry, which was largely centred in the Bengal province.
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30.
Domestically, much of Mughal India depended on Bengali products such as rice, silks and cotton textiles.
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31.
Mughal India was one of the three Islamic gunpowder empires, along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia.
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32.
In Mughal India, guns made of bronze were recovered from Calicut and Diu .
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33.
Later, the Mysorean rockets were upgraded versions of Mughal India rockets used during the Siege of Jinji by the progeny of the Nawab of Arcot.
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34.
The astronomical instruments and observational techniques used at the Mughal India observatories were mainly derived from Islamic astronomy.
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35.
Mughal India was a notable writer who described the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and the cities of Allahabad and Delhi in rich detail and made note of the glories of the Mughal Empire.
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36.
One of the most remarkable astronomical instruments invented in Mughal India is the lost-wax cast, hollow, seamless, celestial globe.
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