14 Facts About Soviet Navy

The Soviet Navy played a large role during the Cold War, either confronting the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in western Europe or power projection to maintain its sphere of influence in eastern Europe.

Soviet Navy was divided into four major fleets: the Northern, Pacific, Black Sea, and Baltic Fleets, in addition to the Leningrad Naval Base, which was commanded separately.

The Soviet Navy included Naval Aviation, Naval Infantry, and the Coastal Artillery.

Soviet Navy was based on a republican naval force formed from the remnants of the Imperial Russian Navy, which had been almost completely destroyed in the two Revolutions of 1917 during World War I, the following Russian Civil War, and the Kronstadt rebellion in 1921.

One example of Soviet Navy resourcefulness was the battleship Marat, an ageing pre-World War I ship sunk at anchor in Kronstadt's harbour by German Junkers Ju 87 aircraft in 1941.

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Soviet Navy was structured around submarines and small, maneuverable, tactical vessels.

The Soviet Navy did possess several very large and well-armed guided-missile cruisers, like those of the Kirov and Slava classes.

Soviet Navy still had the mission of confronting Western submarines, creating a need for large surface vessels to carry anti-submarine helicopters.

In part to perform the functions usual to carrier-borne aircraft, the Soviet Navy deployed large numbers of strategic bombers in a maritime role, with the Aviatsiya Voenno-Morskogo Flota.

In some respects, including speed and reactor technology, Soviet Navy submarines achieved unique successes, but for most of the era lagged their Western counterparts in overall capability.

The title Hero of the Soviet Navy Union was bestowed on 122 members of naval infantry units.

At 75 units, the Soviet Navy Union had the world's largest inventory of combat air-cushion assault craft.

On 18 November 1990, on the eve of the Paris Summit where the Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty and the Vienna Document on Confidence and Security-Building Measures were signed, Soviet Navy data was presented under the so-called initial data exchange.

The Soviet Navy argument was that the CFE excluded all naval forces, including its permanently land-based components.