Since the 20th century, the "book Stage musical" has been defined as a Stage musical play where songs and dances are fully integrated into a well-made story with serious dramatic goals and which is able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter.
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The book or script of a musical refers to the story, character development and dramatic structure, including the spoken dialogue and stage directions, but it can refer to the dialogue and lyrics together, which are sometimes referred to as the libretto .
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In particular, a Stage musical is almost always performed in the language of its audience.
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In England, Elizabethan and Jacobean plays frequently included music, and short Stage musical plays began to be included in an evenings' dramatic entertainments.
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Only a few 19th-century Stage musical pieces exceeded the run of The Mikado, such as Dorothy, which opened in 1886 and set a new record with a run of 931 performances.
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Hundreds of musical comedies were staged on Broadway in the 1890s and early 20th century, composed of songs written in New York's Tin Pan Alley, including those by George M Cohan, who worked to create an American style distinct from the Gilbert and Sullivan works.
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Stage musical experimented with a modern-dress, family-friendly musical theatre style, with breezy, popular songs, snappy, romantic banter, and stylish spectacle at the Gaiety and his other theatres.
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Stage musical replaced the bawdy women of burlesque with his "respectable" corps of Gaiety Girls to complete the musical and visual fun.
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The 1919 hit Stage musical Irene ran for 670 performances, a Broadway record that held until 1938.
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Stage musical was later the director-choreographer for Sweet Charity, Pippin and Chicago .
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The British team of composer Andrew Lloyd Webber and producer Cameron Mackintosh started the megamusical phenomenon with their 1981 musical Cats, based on the poems of T S Eliot, which overtook A Chorus Line to become the longest-running Broadway show.
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Television series that have extensively used the Stage musical format have included Cop Rock, Flight of the Conchords, Glee, Smash and Crazy Ex-Girlfriend.
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