14 Facts About Surgery

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function, appearance, or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.

The Lancet Commission for Global Surgery outlined the need for access to "available, affordable, timely and safe" surgical and anesthesia care; dimensions paralleled in ICESCR General Comment No 14, which similarly outlines need for available, accessible, affordable and timely healthcare.

Surgery invented several surgical instruments for purposes such as inspection of the interior of the urethra and for removing foreign bodies from the throat, the ear, and other body organs.

Surgery was the first to illustrate the various cannulae and to treat warts with an iron tube and caustic metal as a boring instrument.

Surgery describes what is thought to be the first attempt at reduction mammaplasty for the management of gynaecomastia and the first mastectomy to treat breast cancer.

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Surgery is credited with the performance of the first thyroidectomy.

Surgery described more efficient techniques for the effective ligation of the blood vessels during an amputation.

Surgery brought an empirical and experimental approach to the science and was renowned around Europe for the quality of his research and his written works.

Surgery was one of the first to understand the importance of pathology, the danger of the spread of infection and how the problem of inflammation of the wound, bone lesions and even tuberculosis often undid any benefit that was gained from the intervention.

Surgery consequently adopted the position that all surgical procedures should be used only as a last resort.

Surgery found that this remarkably reduced the incidence of gangrene and he published his results in The Lancet.

Later, on 9 August 1867, he read a paper before the British Medical Association in Dublin, on the Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery, which was reprinted in the British Medical Journal.

Surgery's work was groundbreaking and laid the foundations for a rapid advance in infection control that saw modern antiseptic operating theatres widely used within 50 years.

Surgery noticed that these rays could penetrate the skin, allowing the skeletal structure to be captured on a specially treated photographic plate.