Technology transfer, called transfer of technology, is the process of transferring technology from the person or organization that owns or holds it to another person or organization, in an attempt to transform inventions and scientific outcomes into new products and services that benefit society.
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Comprehensive definition of technology transfer today includes the notion of collaborative process as it became clear that global challenges could be resolved only through the development of global solutions.
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The motives behind the technology transfer were not necessarily homogenous across organization levels, especially when commercial and government interests are combined.
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Technology transfer aims to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users who can then further develop and exploit the technology into new products, processes, applications, materials, or services.
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Horizontal Technology transfer is the movement of technologies from one area to another.
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Vertical Technology transfer occurs when technologies are moved from applied research centers to research and development departments.
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Technology transfer brokers are people who discovered how to bridge the emergent worlds and apply scientific concepts or processes to new situations or circumstances.
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Whereas technology transfer can involve the dissemination of highly complex technology from capital-intensive origins to low-capital recipients, it can involve appropriate technology, not necessarily high-tech or expensive, that is better disseminated, yielding robustness and independence of systems.
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Technology transfer is promoted through informal means, such as at conferences organized by various groups, including the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and the Association of University Technology Managers, and at "challenge" competitions by organizations such as the Center for Advancing Innovation in Maryland.
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Many universities and research institutions, and governmental organizations now have an Office of Technology Transfer dedicated to identifying research that has potential commercial interest and strategies for how to exploit it.
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For example, online platform WIPO GREEN enable collaborations in specific areas of knowledge transfer and facilitate matchmaking between technology providers and technology seekers.
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Technology transfer had a direct impact on contributing to global public health issues, by enabling global access to COVID-19 vaccines.
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Power political and realpolitik incentives in technology transfer are cognized to be negative factors in destructive applications.
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