Microscopically, the functional unit of the thyroid gland is the spherical thyroid follicle, lined with follicular cells, and occasional parafollicular cells that surround a lumen containing colloid.
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17 Facts About Thyroid gland
2.
Thyroid gland disorders include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid inflammation, thyroid enlargement, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer.
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3.
Presence of the thyroid and its various diseases have been noted and treated for centuries, although the gland itself has only been described and named since the Renaissance.
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4.
Thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ composed of two lobes, left and right, connected by a narrow tissue band, called an "isthmus".
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5.
The Thyroid gland is usually larger in women than in men, and increases in size during pregnancy.
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6.
Thyroid gland is near the front of the neck, lying against and around the front of the larynx and trachea.
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7.
Thyroid gland is covered by a thin fibrous capsule, which has an inner and an outer layer.
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8.
Thyroid gland is supplied with arterial blood from the superior thyroid artery, a branch of the external carotid artery, and the inferior thyroid artery, a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, and sometimes by an anatomical variant the thyroid ima artery, which has a variable origin.
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9.
The Thyroid gland receives sympathetic nerve supply from the superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk.
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10.
The Thyroid gland receives parasympathetic nerve supply from the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
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11.
Thyroid gland hormones act by crossing the cell membrane and binding to intracellular nuclear thyroid hormone receptors TR-a1, TR-a2, TR-ß1, and TR-ß2, which bind with hormone response elements and transcription factors to modulate DNA transcription.
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12.
Thyroid gland produces the hormone calcitonin, which helps regulate blood calcium levels.
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13.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder in which the thyroid gland is infiltrated by the lymphocytes B cell and T cells.
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14.
The disorders that occur in the lower neck more proximal to the thyroid gland are lined by epithelium resembling the thyroidal acinar epithelium.
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15.
Examination of the thyroid gland includes the search for abnormal masses and the assessment of overall thyroid size.
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16.
The gland was named thyroid, meaning shield, as its shape resembled the shields commonly used in Ancient Greece.
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17.
The English name thyroid gland is derived from the medical Latin used by Wharton –.
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